from The Analysis

The Analysis of Conditional Origination

Vibhaṅga 6,

translated by

Ānandajoti Bhikkhu

(April 2014)

Introduction

Texts and Translations

The text is based on the Burmese edition of the texts Vibhaṅgapāḷi and Dhammasaṅgaṇīpāḷi, and the Vibhaṅga commentary Sammohavinodanī, all from the Chaṭṭha Sangāyana CD-ROM, 3rd rev. ed., Igatpuri, 1999, with changes in formatting and parsing to bring it into line with the presentation adopted on this website.

The Book of Analysis, by Ven. U Thiṭṭila, translation of the Vibhaṅga, Pali Text Society, 1969, reprinted Oxford, 1988.

The Dispeller of Delusion, by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli, revised by L.S. Cousins, Nyanaponika Mahāthera and C. M. M. Shaw, Pali Text Society, 1987 reprinted in Oxford, 1996.

Buddhist Psychological Ethics, by Mrs C.A.F. Rhys Davids, translation and study of Dhammasaṅgaṇī, Pali Text Society, 1900, 3rd ed. reprinted Oxford, 1993.

The Dhammasaṅgaṇī, Enumeration of Ultimate Realities, by U Kyaw Khine, DPPS, Yangon, C.E. 1996 = B.E. 2539.

The Doctrine of Conditional Origination

This is the second translation I have made from what is considered the earliest of the Theravāda Abhidhamma texts, the Vibhaṅga, or Analysis. The first, concerned with the Ways of Attending to Mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna, Vibh. 7) was originally made in 2007, and has been revised in the light of the work done here.

The doctrine of Conditional Origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda) is one of the most important in the teaching of the Buddha. It deals with conditionality and how that affects the all-important cycle of birth, death and rebirth.

At one point the Buddha even stated that:{1} He who sees conditional origination sees the Dhamma, and he who sees the Dhamma sees conditional origination, so central is it considered to the teaching. The subject, however, is complex and even when Ven Ānanda said he had understood it, he was rebuked by the Buddha, who told him:{2}

This conditional origination is deep, Ānanda, and it appears deep. Through not understanding and penetrating this Dhamma this generation ... he does not transcend the downfall, the bad destinations, the falling away and the cycle of birth and death.

In the coming centuries when the Abstract Teaching (Abhidhamma) was compiled, the depth and profundity of this particular teaching was worked out in detail, and in the Vibhaṅga it has been pushed to its limits.

The Analysis normally follows a scheme whereby it first examines its subject according to the way it is discussed in the discourses, and then afterwards as it is seen from the point-of-view of the Abhidhamma, and here we have the same basic scheme.

Derived from the Discourses

We are fortunate in having a discourse in Canon which also analyses the same material, the Discourse giving the Analysis

(of Conditional Origination) (SN 12.2), which can be compared and contrasted with the presentation made here.

The relationship between them is complex, but the major difference is the more comprehensive nature of the Abhidhamma text, which tries to include every variation in the way the factor at hand has been analysed in the discourses.

The factors that are most effected by this are the (volitional) processes (saṅkhārā), where the discourse has a basic definition as being by way of the body, speech and mind; in the Vibhaṅga these are only stated after the ethically more significant analysis by way of meritorious, demeritorious, and impertubable (volitional) processes, and after these factors themselves have been analysed.

Continuation (bhava) is similarly expanded so that whereas in the discourses only the three continuations are stated: in the sense, form and formless worlds, this list is added to with further factors according to whether continuation takes place with or without perception; and with one, four or five constituents (khandha).

The Vibhaṅga also compliments this analysis of continuation by adding in once again the morally significant factors of continutation through meritorious, demeritorious, and impertubable (volitional) processes, so that this section is much longer.

And whereas the discourse doesn't analyse the final factors of grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair, these are given their own definitions here, drawing on materials from other discourses.

Derived from the Abstract Teaching

These, however, are minor differences and expansions in comparison to the Abhidhamma analysis itself in the second section.

One of the most important of the Buddha's discoveries, which is rarely, if ever, discussed in modern works, is his insight that the cosmological and psychological worlds reflect each other, so that for instance the higher realms of existence have their parallels in states of meditative attainment which can be experienced here and now.

This becomes a foundational insight in the Abhidhamma in general, and here in particular, because when we come to the second part of the discussion we are no longer dealing with rebirth across lives, but with psychological rebirth from moment-to-moment, and this greatly affects the factors that are involved even in the basic sequence.

The variations can probably be best shown with the use of tables. At the beginning there are four basic variations given: according to conditions, roots, associations and mutuality; and within each of these there are four different presentations of the factors.

As an example we will look at the first of these complex teachings, the Conditions Tetrad (differences from the basic pattern are italicised for ready identification):

Conditions Tetrad

1: The Twelvefold Section with Two Parts Incomplete

Basic Pattern >> Abstract Teaching

1 >> ignorance >> ignorance

2 >> (volitional) processes >> (volitional) process

3 >> consciousness >> consciousness

4 >> mind and bodily form >> mind

5 >> six sense spheres >> sixth sense sphere

6 >> contact >> contact

7 >> feeling >> feeling

8 >> craving >> craving

9 >> attachment >> attachment

10 >> continuation >> continuation

11 >> birth >> birth

12 >> ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair >> ageing, death

The first thing to notice here is that the second factor is now not (volitional) processes in the plural, but a single (volitional) process, because we are only dealing now with a single mind moment.

The two parts that are incomplete are the 4th and 5th, namely mind only, and the sixth sense sphere only. One of the reasons for this given in the commentary is that in this and the following section we are dealing with life in the formless realms, where bodily form and therefore the other sense spheres do not exist.

Notice that grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair are also omitted as they cannot be said to exist in every mind moment.

2: The Elevenfold Section with One Part Incomplete

Basic Pattern >> Abstract Teaching

1 >> ignorance >> ignorance

2 >> (volitional) processes >> (volitional) process

3 >> consciousness >> consciousness

4 >> mind and bodily form >> mind

5 >> six sense spheres >>

6 >> contact >> contact

7 >> feeling >> feeling

8 >> craving >> craving

9 >> attachment >> attachment

10 >> continuation >> continuation

11 >> birth >> birth

12 >> ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair >> ageing, death

This section is similar to the first, but seems to follow the schedule as it was given in the Great Discourse on Causation (DN 15, Mahānidānasutta), which likewise omits the intermediate factor of the sense spheres.

Here again the analysis is concerned with the formless realms, so bodily form is omitted.

3: The Twelvefold Section with One Part Incomplete

Basic Pattern >> Abstract Teaching

1 >> ignorance >> ignorance

2 >> (volitional) processes >> (volitional) process

3 >> consciousness >> consciousness

4 >> mind and bodily form >> mind and bodily form

5 >> six sense spheres >> sixth sense sphere

6 >> contact >> contact

7 >> feeling >> feeling

8 >> craving >> craving

9 >> attachment >> attachment

10 >> continuation >> continuation

11 >> birth >> birth

12 >> ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair >> ageing, death

Now in this section the analysis is concerned with the form realms, where fine material form exists, so mind and bodily form are complete here, but still it is only the sixth sense sphere with acts as a condition for contact.

4: The Complete Twelvefold Section

Basic Pattern >> Abstract Teaching

1 >> ignorance >> ignorance

2 >> (volitional) processes >> (volitional) process

3 >> consciousness >> consciousness

4 >> mind and bodily form >> mind and bodily form

5 >> six sense spheres >> six sense spheres

6 >> contact >> contact

7 >> feeling >> feeling

8 >> craving >> craving

9 >> attachment >> attachment

10 >> continuation >> continuation

11 >> birth >> birth

12 >> ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair >> ageing, death

Here we are contemplating the arising of mind states in the sense worlds, so mind and bodily form and the six sense spheres are all complete, but still, it differs from the normal analysis because in a single mind moment only the sixth sense sphere acts as a condition for contact.

This is one of the short sections in this work but it will give some idea of the depth of the analysis which was pursued by the abstract philosophers of the Abhidhamma.

In the following sections more and more complexities are invoked, with certain factors being said to be rooted in or associated with their conditions, while others do not have the same rootedness or association because of the absence of the non-disappearance condition (avigatapaccaya) or the arising together condition (sahajātapaccaya).

In the fourth basic section concerned with mutuality we see the mutual relations that prevail between the condition and its result, and how each of them conditions the other, both forwards and backwards.

The fifth section, the Matrix (Mātika), shows how different factors can condition the initial ignorance, listing: a (volitional) process, consciousness, mind, the sixth sense sphere, contact, feeling, craving and attachment.

The analysis then repeats the initial four sections, but this time looking at how they appear when having an unwholesome mind, connected with happiness, and analyses all the factors in that particular context.

The following sections then consider what factors are present when various ethical states of mind are established: the unwholesome, the wholesome and those without consequences; the wholesome with a root of ignorance, and results having wholesome and unwholesome roots.

There is an immense complexity involved in working out all these factors and analyses and it would hardly be possible to generate a work of such refined and subtle analysis of mental factors even with the aid of a computer, so how it was made when all the texts were being passed on in the oral tradition, and at the beginning of reflection on the Teaching, is nothing less than astonishing.

* * *

In preparing this edition I have made some translations from the commentary where it seemed to me it would be difficult to understand the text without such a help as the commentary provides. I have tried not to overburden the text in this way though.

As in the earlier work I have taken the trouble to fill in the repetition passages which are normally indicated with ...pe... in the texts. This was very difficult in this case, as the indications are not always clear, and in at least one case the instruction in the texts is insufficient.{3}

The difference this makes can be seen in the size of the text: without the repetition the translation alone is approx. 25,000 words, but when the peyyāla is added in the size increases to around 51,000 words, therefore we can say that at least half the text is missing in the printed editions and previous translation, and for normal students inferring what is missing is impossible in many cases.

I might add that in certain ways omitting repetition can be useful as it allows for a better overview of the subject, and in the html version of this text it is possible to toggle the view to either read it with or without the repetitions.

Ānandajoti Bhikkhu

April 1014

6. The Analysis of Conditional Origination{4}

1. The Section Derived from the Discourses

[The Outline of Conditional Origination]

[225]

With ignorance as condition there are (volitional) processes,

with (volitional) processes as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres,

with the six sense spheres as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow and despair (all) arise,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[01: Definition of Ignorance]

[226]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance?’

Not knowing suffering,

not knowing the origination of suffering,

not knowing the cessation of suffering,

not knowing the path leading to the cessation of suffering.

This is called ‘ignorance.’{5}

[02: Definition of (Volitional) Processes]

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there are (volitional) processes?’{6}

(There is) a meritorious (volitional) process,

a demeritorious (volitional) process,

an impertubable (volitional) process,{7}

a (volitional) process expressed by way of the body,

a (volitional) process expressed by way of speech,

a (volitional) process expressed by way of the mind.

Herein, what is a meritorious (volitional) process?{8}

(There are) wholesome intentions in the sense-world sphere, in the form-world sphere, consisting of generosity, consisting of morality, consisting of meditation,{9} this is said to be a meritorious (volitional) process.

Herein, what is a demeritorious (volitional) process?

(There are) unwholesome intentions in the sense-world sphere, this is said to be a demeritorious (volitional) process.

Herein, what is an impertubable (volitional) process?

(There are) wholesome intentions in the formless-world sphere, this is said to be an impertubable (volitional) process.

Herein, what is a (volitional) process expressed by way of the body?{10}

(There is) an intention expressed by way of the body, a (volitional) process expressed by way of the body.

(There is) an intention expressed by way of speech, a (volitional) process expressed by way of speech.{11}

(There is) an intention expressed by way of the mind, a (volitional) process expressed by way of the mind.

This is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there are (volitional) processes.’{12}

[03: Definition of Consciousness]

[227]

Herein, what is ‘with (volitional) processes as condition: consciousness?’{13}

(There is) eye-consciousness,

ear-consciousness,

nose-consciousness,

tongue-consciousness,

body-consciousness,

mind-consciousness.

This is said to be ‘with (volitional) processes as condition: consciousness.’

[04: Definition of Mind and Bodily Form]

[228]

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent.{14}

This is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and the bodily form attached to the four great entities,

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form.’

[05: Definition of the Six Sense Spheres]

[229]

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere,

ear sense sphere,

nose sense sphere,

tongue sense sphere,

body sense sphere,

mind sense sphere.

This is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres.’

[06: Definition of Contact]

[230]

Herein, what is ‘with the six sense spheres as condition: contact?’

(There is) eye-contact,

ear-contact,

nose-contact,

tongue-contact,

body-contact,

mind-contact.

This is said to be ‘with the six sense spheres as condition: contact.’

[07: Definition of Feeling]

[231]

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

(There is) feeling arising from eye-contact,

feeling arising from ear-contact,

feeling arising from nose-contact,

feeling arising from tongue-contact,

feeling arising from body-contact,

feeling arising from mind-contact.

This is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

[08: Definition of Craving]

[232]

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

(There is) craving for forms,

craving for sounds,

craving for smells,

craving for tastes,

craving for tangibles,

craving for thoughts.{15}

This is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

[09: Definition of Attachment]

[233]

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

(There is) attachment to sense pleasures,

attachment to views,

attachment to virtue and practice,

attachment to self-theories.{16}

This is said to be ‘with craving as condition: continuation.’

[10: Definition of Continuation]

[234]

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Continuation is two-fold: there is continuation through (intentional) deeds, there is continuation through rebirth.{17}

Herein, what is ‘continuation through (intentional) deeds?’

(There is) a meritorious (volitional) process,

a demeritorious (volitional) process,

an impertubable (volitional) process.

This is said to be ‘continuation through (intentional) deeds.’

All (intentional) deeds leading to continuation{18} is continuation from (intentional) deeds.

Herein, what is ‘continuation through rebirth?’

(There is) continuation in the sense-world spheres,

continuation in the form-world spheres,

continuation in the formless-world spheres,

continuation with perception,

continuation without perception,{19}

continuation with neither-perception-nor-non-perception,{20}

continuation with one constituent,

continuation with four constituents,

continuation with five constituents.{21}

This is said to be ‘continuation through rebirth.’

Thus, this is continuation through (intentional) deeds, this is continuation through rebirth.

This is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

[11: Definition of Birth]

[235]

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition:{22} birth?’

For the various beings in the various classes of beings (there is) birth, being born, appearing, arising, turning up, the manifestation of the constituents (of mind and bodily form), the acquisition of the sense spheres.{23}

This is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

[12: Definition of Ageing and Death]

[236]

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For the various beings in the various classes of beings (there is) broken teeth, greying hair, and wrinkled skin, the dwindling away of the life span, the decay of the sense faculties.

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For the various beings in the various classes of beings there is a fall, a falling away, a breaking up, a disappearance, a dying, a death, a making of time, the break up of the constituents (of mind and bodily form), the throwing off of the body, a cutting off of the life-faculty:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death.

This is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

[12a: Definition of Grief]

[237]

Herein, what is ‘Grief?’

To one touched by misfortune regarding relatives,

to one touched by misfortune regarding wealth,

to one touched by misfortune regarding health,

to one touched by misfortune regarding (loss of) morality,{24}

to one touched by misfortune regarding his views,

for he who has some sort of misfortune or other,

who is touched by some sort of painful thing or another,

there is grief, grieving, the state of grieving, inner grief, great inner grief, his mind is sorrowful, being pierced with the dart of grief.

This is said to be ‘grief.’

[12b: Definition of Lamentation]

[238]

Herein, what is ‘lamentation?’

To one touched by misfortune regarding relatives,

to one touched by misfortune regarding wealth,

to one touched by misfortune regarding health,

to one touched by misfortune regarding (loss of) morality,

to one touched by misfortune regarding his views,

for he who has some sort of misfortune or other,

who is touched by some sort of painful thing or another,

there are laments, great laments, lamenting, great lamenting, the state of lamenting, the state of great lamentation, words of wailing, great wailing, moaning, great moaning, the state of moaning.

This is said to be ‘lamentation.’

[12c: Definition of Pain]

[239]

Herein, what is ‘pain?’

That which is bodily pain, bodily disagreeableness, pain arising from contact with the body, disagreeable feeling, pain and painful feeling that is born in the body.

This is said to be ‘pain.’

[12d: Definition of Sorrow]

[240]

Herein, what is ‘sorrow?’

That which is mental pain, mental disagreeableness, pain arising from contact with the mind, disagreeable feeling, pain and painful feeling that is born in the mind.

This is said to be ‘sorrow.’

[12e: Definition of Despair]

[241]

Herein, what is ‘despair?’

To one touched by misfortune regarding relatives,

to one touched by misfortune regarding wealth,

to one touched by misfortune regarding health,

to one touched by misfortune regarding (loss of) morality,

to one touched by misfortune regarding his views,

for he who has some sort of misfortune or other,

who is touched by some sort of painful thing or another,

there is desponding, despairing, the state of despondency, the state of despair.

This is said to be ‘despair.’

[242]

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering’

2. The Section Derived from the Abstract Teaching

01: The Conditions Tetrad

[243]

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,{25}

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,{26}

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,{27}

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,{28}

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,{29}

with mind as condition: contact,{30}

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere,{31}

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres,{32}

with the sixth sense sphere as condition:{33} contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Conditions Tetrad

02: The Roots Tetrad

[244]

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,{34}

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness,

with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Roots Tetrad

03: The Associations Tetrad

[245]

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,{35}

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness,

with mind as condition: contact associated with mind,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres with the sixth sense sphere (only) associated with mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,{36}

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Associations Tetrad

04: The Mutuality Tetrad

[246]

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness,

with mind as condition: contact, with contact as condition: mind,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, also with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, also with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Mutuality Tetrad

The Matrix

[247]

With a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,{37}

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With consciousness as condition: ignorance,

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With mind as condition: ignorance,

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With the sixth sense sphere as condition: ignorance,

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With contact as condition: ignorance,

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With feeling as condition: ignorance,

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With craving as condition: ignorance,

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

With attachment as condition: ignorance,{38}

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

The Matrix

05: The Conditions Tetrad

[248]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with the resort to (wrong) view, a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought), at that time

with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[249]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness,{39} mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment,{40} (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[250]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[251]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

‘With mind as condition: contact.’{41}

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

Except for contact,{42} (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[252]{43}

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[253]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[254]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[255]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and that bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

This is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

The Conditions Tetrad

06:  The Roots Tetrad

[256]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[257]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[258]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness,

with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[259]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness.’

‘With mind as condition: contact rooted in mind.’

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

Except for contact, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: contact rooted in mind.'

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[260]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[261]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and the bodily form attached to the four great entities.

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind and bodily form.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent.{44}

This is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[262]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[263]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process rooted in ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form rooted in consciousness.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and that bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

This is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres rooted in mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving rooted in feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

The Roots Tetrad

07: The Associations Tetrad

[264]{45}

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[265]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment rooted in craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[266]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness,

with mind as condition: contact associated with mind,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[267]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness.’

‘With mind as condition: contact associated with mind.’

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

Except for contact, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: contact associated with mind?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: contact associated with mind.'

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[268]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[269]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[270]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres with the sixth sense sphere (only) associated with mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling associated with contact,

with feeling as condition: craving associated with feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment associated with craving,{46}

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[271]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process associated with ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness associated with a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form with mind (only) associated with consciousness.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres with the sixth sense sphere (only) associated with mind.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and that bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres with the sixth sense sphere (only) associated with mind?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres with the sixth sense sphere (only) associated with mind.

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

The Associations Tetrad

08: The Mutuality Tetrad

[272]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[273]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance?’

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[274]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness,

with mind as condition: contact, with contact as condition: mind,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[275]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance?’

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: consciousness.’

‘With mind as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

Except for contact, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: mind.’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[276]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, also with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[277]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance?’

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[278]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process, also with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness, also with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form, also with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: craving, also with craving as condition: feeling,

with craving as condition: attachment, with attachment as condition: craving,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[279]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance?’

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

That bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: consciousness.’

‘With mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres.’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

(There are) the four great entities, and that bodily form dependent on which mind-consciousness element exists:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres?’

(There is the) eye sense sphere, ear sense sphere, nose sense sphere, tongue sense sphere, body sense sphere, mind sense sphere.

this is said to be ‘with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form?’

There is mind, there is bodily form.

Herein, what is ‘mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘mind.’

Herein, what is ‘bodily form?’

The accumulation (that produces) the eye sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the ear sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the nose sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the tongue sense sphere,

the accumulation (that produces) the body sense sphere,

or whatever other bodily form there is

born of mind, rooted in mind, originating in mind:

this is said to be ‘bodily form.’

Thus, this is mind and this is bodily form.

This is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind and bodily form.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

The Mutuality Tetrad

09: The Explanation of the Unwholesome

[280]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with the resort to (wrong) view, with intention,{47} (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,{48}

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with happiness, disassociated with the resort to (wrong) view, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: resolve,{49}

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with happiness, disassociated with the resort to (wrong) view, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[281]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[282]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with the resort to (wrong) view, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: attachment,

with attachment as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[283]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: attachment?’

That which is (wrong) view, resorting to (wrong) view, the jungle of (wrong) view, the wilderness of (wrong) view, the distortion of (wrong) view, the agitation of (wrong) view, the fetter of (wrong) view, obsession, tenacity, inclination, grasping, bad path, wrong road, the state of being wrong, within the heretical sphere, obsession with what is perverse:

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: attachment.’

Herein, what is ‘with attachment as condition: continuation?’

Except for attachment, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with attachment as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[284]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with the resort to (wrong) view, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with equanimity, disassociated with the resort to (wrong) view, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with equanimity, disassociated with the resort to (wrong) view, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: craving,

with craving as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[285]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: craving?’

That which is passion, passionateness, fawning, compliance, enjoyment, passionate enjoyment, passionateness of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: craving.’

Herein, what is ‘with craving as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with craving as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[286]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with sorrow, associated with repulsion, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: repulsion,

with repulsion as condition: resolve,{50}

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with sorrow, associated with repulsion, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: repulsion,

with repulsion as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[287]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental disagreeableness, mental pain, painful and disagreeable experience born of contact with the mind, painful and disagreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: repulsion?’

That which is spite of mind, repulsiveness, repulsion, opposition, anger, great anger, full anger, bad temper, very bad temper, full bad temper, malice of mind, bad temper in mind, hatred, hating, the state of hatred, ill-temper, being ill-tempered, ill-temperedness, malice, malignity, maliciousness, opposing, opposition, violence, curtness, irritation of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: repulsion.’

Herein, what is ‘with repulsion as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with repulsion as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[288]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with uncertainty, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: uncertainty,

with uncertainty as condition: continuation,{51}

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[289]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: uncertainty?’

That which is doubt, doubting, the state of being in doubt, perplexity, uncertainty, dubeity, dilemna, irresolution, uncertainty, mistrust, misgiving, a lack of fathoming, vacillation, a mental scratching of the mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: uncertainty.’

Herein, what is ‘with uncertainty as condition: continuation?’

Except for uncertainty, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with uncertainty as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[290]

What are unwholesome thoughts?

At whatever time an unwholesome mind has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with agitation, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: agitation,

with agitation as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,{52}

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[291]

Herein, what is ‘ignorance’?

That which is a lack of knowledge, a lack of seeing, a lack of penetration, a lack of recognition, a lack of awakening, a lack of realisation, a lack of comprehension, a lack of fathoming, a lack of consideration, a lack of reflection, a lack of perception, poor intelligence, foolishness, a lack of full knowledge, delusion, deception, confusion, ignorance, the flood of ignorance, the yoke of ignorance, the tendency to ignorance, the pervasion of ignorance, the barrier of ignorance, delusion, the root of unwholesomeness:

this is said to be ‘ignorance.’

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: agitation?’

That which is agitation of mind, lack of calm, mental disturbance, confusion of mind:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: agitation.’

Herein, what is ‘with agitation as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with agitation as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

The Explanation of the Unwholesome

10: The Explanation of the Wholesome

[292]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition{53} there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,{54}

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[293]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred, a lack of delusion.

Herein, what is ‘a lack of greed?’

That which is a lack of greed, not being greedy, greedlessness, a lack of passion, a lack of being passionate, passionlessness, a lack of avarice, a wholesome root that is lack of greed:

this is said to be ‘a lack of greed.’

Herein, what is ‘a lack of hatred?’

That which is a lack of hatred, not being hateful, hatelessness, a lack of malice, a lack of maliciousness, a wholesome root that is lack of hatred:

this is said to be ‘a lack of hatred.’

Herein, what is ‘a lack of delusion?’

That which is wisdom, knowing, investigation, deep investigation, investigation of (the nature of) things, discernment, discrimination, differentiation, erudition, skilfulness, subtlety, clarification, thoughtfulness, consideration, breadth, intelligence, guidance, insight, full awareness, examination, wisdom, the Faculty of Wisdom, the Strength of Wisdom, the sword of wisdom, the height of wisdom, the light of wisdom, the lustre of wisdom, the flame of wisdom, the treasure of wisdom, non-delusion, investigation of (the nature of) things, Right View:

this is said to be ‘a lack of delusion.’

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[294]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[295]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred.

Herein, what is ‘a lack of greed?’

That which is a lack of greed, not being greedy, greedlessness, a lack of passion, a lack of being passionate, passionlessness, a lack of avarice, a wholesome root that is lack of greed:

this is said to be ‘a lack of greed.’

Herein, what is ‘a lack of hatred?’

That which is a lack of hatred, not being hateful, hatelessness, a lack of malice, a lack of maliciousness, a wholesome root that is lack of hatred:

this is said to be ‘a lack of hatred.’

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[296]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[297]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred, a lack of delusion.{55}

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[298]{56}

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[299]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred.

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[300]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the form worlds, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[301]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred, a lack of delusion.

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[302]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the formless worlds, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[303]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred, a lack of delusion.

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[304]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time he develops the supermundane absorption, which leads out, which goes to decrease (of rebirth), to abandonment of (wrong) views, to the attainment of the first ground, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption, with difficulty in practice and slow deepening of knowledge,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of (all) these things.

[305]

Herein, what are ‘wholesome roots?’

A lack of greed, a lack of hatred, a lack of delusion.

Herein, what is ‘a lack of greed?’

That which is a lack of greed, not being greedy, greedlessness, a lack of passion, a lack of being passionate, passionlessness, a lack of avarice, a wholesome root that is lack of greed:

this is said to be ‘a lack of greed.’

Herein, what is ‘a lack of hatred?’

That which is a lack of hatred, not being hateful, hatelessness, a lack of malice, a lack of maliciousness, a wholesome root that is lack of hatred:

this is said to be ‘a lack of hatred.’

Herein, what is ‘a lack of delusion?’

That which is wisdom, knowing, investigation, deep investigation, investigation of (the nature of) things, discernment, discrimination, differentiation, erudition, skilfulness, subtlety, clarification, thoughtfulness, consideration, breadth, intelligence, guidance, insight, full awareness, examination, wisdom, the Faculty of Wisdom, the Strength of Wisdom, the sword of wisdom, the height of wisdom, the light of wisdom, the lustre of wisdom, the flame of wisdom, the treasure of wisdom, non-delusion, investigation of (the nature of) things, Right View, investigation (of the nature) of things factor of Complete Awakening, the Path factor, and what belongs to the Path,

this is said to be ‘a lack of delusion.’

These are said to be ‘wholesome roots.’

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of (all) these things, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of (all) these things.’

The Explanation of the Wholesome

11: The Explanation of what is Without Consequences

[306]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,{57}

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[307]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the eye-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the eye-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: continuation?’

Except for feeling,{58} (it is) the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[308]

At that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness rooted in a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind rooted in consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere rooted in mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact rooted in the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[309]

At that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness associated with a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind associated with consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere associated with mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact associated with the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling rooted in contact,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[310]

At that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness, also with consciousness as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with consciousness as condition: mind, also with mind as condition: consciousness,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere, also with the sixth sense sphere as condition: mind,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact, also with contact as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with contact as condition: feeling, also with feeling as condition: contact,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[311]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a sound object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant nose-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a smell object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant tongue-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a taste object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant body-consciousness has arisen, connected with happiness, (having) a tangible object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[312]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the body-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the body-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is bodily pleasure, bodily agreeableness, pleasure arising from contact with the body, agreeable feeling, pleasure and pleasureable feeling that is born in the body:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: continuation?’

Except for feeling, (it is) the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[313]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[314]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[315]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[316]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[317]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[318]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[319]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[320]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[321]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the form worlds, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time there is contact, there is feeling, there is perception, there is intention, there is thought,

there is thinking, there is reflection, there is rapture, there is happiness, there is one-pointedness of mind,

there is the faculty of faith, there is the faculty of energy, there is the faculty of mindfulness, there is the faculty of concentration, there is the faculty of wisdom,

there is the faculty of mind, there is the faculty of happiness, there is the faculty of life,

there is right view, there is right thought, there is right endeavour, there is right mindfulness, there is right concentration,

there is the strength of faith, there is the strength of energy, there is the strength of mindfulness, there is the strength of concentration, there is the strength of wisdom,

there is the strength of conscience, there is the strength of shame,

there is a lack of greed, there is a lack of hatred, there is a lack of delusion,

there is a lack of avarice, there is a lack of malice,

there is right view, there is conscience, there is shame,

there is bodily calm, there is mental calm,

there is bodily lightness, there is mental lightness,

there is bodily plasticity, there is mental plasticity,

there is bodily workableness, there is mental workableness,

there is bodily proficiency, there is mental proficiency,

there is bodily uprightness, there is mental uprightness,

there is mindfulness, there is full knowledge,

there is calm, there is full insight,

there is exertion, there is balance:

those thoughts are wholesome.

For him, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the form realm, the result is that quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, he dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[322]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the formless worlds, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time there is contact, there is feeling, there is perception, there is intention, there is thought,

there is thinking, there is reflection, there is rapture, there is happiness, there is one-pointedness of mind,

there is the faculty of faith, there is the faculty of energy, there is the faculty of mindfulness, there is the faculty of concentration, there is the faculty of wisdom,

there is the faculty of mind, there is the faculty of happiness, there is the faculty of life,

there is right view, there is right thought, there is right endeavour, there is right mindfulness, there is right concentration,

there is the strength of faith, there is the strength of energy, there is the strength of mindfulness, there is the strength of concentration, there is the strength of wisdom,

there is the strength of conscience, there is the strength of shame,

there is a lack of greed, there is a lack of hatred, there is a lack of delusion,

there is a lack of avarice, there is a lack of malice,

there is right view, there is conscience, there is shame,

there is bodily calm, there is mental calm,

there is bodily lightness, there is mental lightness,

there is bodily plasticity, there is mental plasticity,

there is bodily workableness, there is mental workableness,

there is bodily proficiency, there is mental proficiency,

there is bodily uprightness, there is mental uprightness,

there is mindfulness, there is full knowledge,

there is calm, there is full insight,

there is exertion, there is balance:

those thoughts are wholesome.

For him, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the formless realm, the result is that having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[323]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops the supermundane absorption, which leads out, which goes to decrease (of rebirth), to abandonment of (wrong) views, to the attainment of the first ground, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption, with difficulty in practice and slow deepening of knowledge,

at that time there is contact, there is feeling, there is perception, there is intention, there is thought,

there is thinking, there is reflection, there is rapture, there is happiness, there is one-pointedness of mind,

there is the faculty of faith, there is the faculty of energy, there is the faculty of mindfulness, there is the faculty of concentration, there is the faculty of wisdom,

there is the faculty of mind, there is the faculty of happiness, there is the faculty of life,

there is right view, there is right thought, there is right endeavour, there is right mindfulness, there is right concentration,

there is the strength of faith, there is the strength of energy, there is the strength of mindfulness, there is the strength of concentration, there is the strength of wisdom,

there is the strength of conscience, there is the strength of shame,

there is a lack of greed, there is a lack of hatred, there is a lack of delusion,

there is a lack of avarice, there is a lack of malice,

there is right view, there is conscience, there is shame,

there is bodily calm, there is mental calm,

there is bodily lightness, there is mental lightness,

there is bodily plasticity, there is mental plasticity,

there is bodily workableness, there is mental workableness,

there is bodily proficiency, there is mental proficiency,

there is bodily uprightness, there is mental uprightness,

there is mindfulness, there is full knowledge,

there is calm, there is full insight,

there is exertion, there is balance:

those thoughts are wholesome.

For him, through having done and developed the supermundane absorption the result is that quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, he dwells having attained the first absorption, with difficulty in practice and slow deepening of knowledge,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of (all) these things.

[324]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a sound object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant nose-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a smell object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant tongue-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a taste object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant body-consciousness has arisen, connected with suffering, (having) a tangible object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[325]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the body-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the body-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is bodily pain, bodily disagreeableness, pain arising from contact with the body, disagreeable feeling, pain and painful feeling that is born in the body.

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: continuation?’

Except for feeling, (it is) the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[326]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant mind element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[327]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[328]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[329]

Herein, what is ‘a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[330]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with happiness, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[331]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time a mind-consciousness element has arisen that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[332]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops absorption in the form realm, that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, a happy abiding in the here and now, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[333]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops absorption in the formless realm, that is inoperative, being neither wholesome nor unwholesome, nor a result of (previous) deeds, a happy abiding in the here and now, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time with a (volitional) process as condition there is consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of (all) these things.

The Explanation of what is Without Consequences

12: The Explanation of the Wholesome with a Root of Ignorance

[334]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[335]

Herein, what is ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is mental agreeableness, mental pleasure, pleasant and agreeable experience born of contact with the mind, pleasant and agreeable feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: faith?’

That which is confidence, being confident, assurance, great faith:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: faith.’

Herein, what is ‘with faith as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with faith as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[336]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[337]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[338]

At that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind and bodily form,

with mind and bodily form as condition: the six sense spheres,{59}

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[339]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time a wholesome mind has arisen in the sensual realm, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[340]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the form worlds, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[341]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the formless worlds, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[342]

What are wholesome thoughts?

At whatever time he develops the supermundane absorption, which leads out, which goes to decrease (of rebirth), to abandonment of (wrong) views, to the attainment of the first ground, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption, with difficulty in practice and slow deepening of knowledge,

at that time with ignorance as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of (all) these things.

The Explanation of the Wholesome with a Root of Ignorance

13: The Explanation of Results having a Wholesome Root

[343]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[344]

Herein, what is ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: continuation?’

Except for feeling, (it is) the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[345]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a sound object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant nose-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a smell object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant tongue-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a taste object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant body-consciousness has arisen, connected with happiness, (having) a tangible object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[346]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with happiness, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, associated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, disassociated with knowledge, with intention, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[347]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the form worlds, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time there is contact, there is feeling, there is perception, there is intention, there is thought,

there is thinking, there is reflection, there is rapture, there is happiness, there is one-pointedness of mind,

there is the faculty of faith, there is the faculty of energy, there is the faculty of mindfulness, there is the faculty of concentration, there is the faculty of wisdom,

there is the faculty of mind, there is the faculty of happiness, there is the faculty of life,

there is right view, there is right thought, there is right endeavour, there is right mindfulness, there is right concentration,

there is the strength of faith, there is the strength of energy, there is the strength of mindfulness, there is the strength of concentration, there is the strength of wisdom,

there is the strength of conscience, there is the strength of shame,

there is a lack of greed, there is a lack of hatred, there is a lack of delusion,

there is a lack of avarice, there is a lack of malice,

there is right view, there is conscience, there is shame,

there is bodily calm, there is mental calm,

there is bodily lightness, there is mental lightness,

there is bodily plasticity, there is mental plasticity,

there is bodily workableness, there is mental workableness,

there is bodily proficiency, there is mental proficiency,

there is bodily uprightness, there is mental uprightness,

there is mindfulness, there is full knowledge,

there is calm, there is full insight,

there is exertion, there is balance:

those thoughts are wholesome.

For him, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the form realm, the result is that quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, he dwells having attained the first absorption on the earth-object,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[348]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops the Path leading to rebirth in the formless worlds, having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time there is contact, there is feeling, there is perception, there is intention, there is thought,

there is thinking, there is reflection, there is rapture, there is happiness, there is one-pointedness of mind,

there is the faculty of faith, there is the faculty of energy, there is the faculty of mindfulness, there is the faculty of concentration, there is the faculty of wisdom,

there is the faculty of mind, there is the faculty of happiness, there is the faculty of life,

there is right view, there is right thought, there is right endeavour, there is right mindfulness, there is right concentration,

there is the strength of faith, there is the strength of energy, there is the strength of mindfulness, there is the strength of concentration, there is the strength of wisdom,

there is the strength of conscience, there is the strength of shame,

there is a lack of greed, there is a lack of hatred, there is a lack of delusion,

there is a lack of avarice, there is a lack of malice,

there is right view, there is conscience, there is shame,

there is bodily calm, there is mental calm,

there is bodily lightness, there is mental lightness,

there is bodily plasticity, there is mental plasticity,

there is bodily workableness, there is mental workableness,

there is bodily proficiency, there is mental proficiency,

there is bodily uprightness, there is mental uprightness,

there is mindfulness, there is full knowledge,

there is calm, there is full insight,

there is exertion, there is balance:

those thoughts are wholesome.

For him, through having done and accumulated wholesome deeds in the formless realm, the result is that having completely transcended the sphere of nothingness, associated with the perception of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearance of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, he dwells having attained the fourth absorption,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[349]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time he develops the supermundane absorption, which leads out, which goes to decrease (of rebirth), to abandonment of (wrong) views, to the attainment of the first ground, quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, and dwells having attained the first absorption, with difficulty in practice and slow deepening of knowledge,

at that time there is contact, there is feeling, there is perception, there is intention, there is thought,

there is thinking, there is reflection, there is rapture, there is happiness, there is one-pointedness of mind,

there is the faculty of faith, there is the faculty of energy, there is the faculty of mindfulness, there is the faculty of concentration, there is the faculty of wisdom,

there is the faculty of mind, there is the faculty of happiness, there is the faculty of life,

there is right view, there is right thought, there is right endeavour, there is right mindfulness, there is right concentration,

there is the strength of faith, there is the strength of energy, there is the strength of mindfulness, there is the strength of concentration, there is the strength of wisdom,

there is the strength of conscience, there is the strength of shame,

there is a lack of greed, there is a lack of hatred, there is a lack of delusion,

there is a lack of avarice, there is a lack of malice,

there is right view, there is conscience, there is shame,

there is bodily calm, there is mental calm,

there is bodily lightness, there is mental lightness,

there is bodily plasticity, there is mental plasticity,

there is bodily workableness, there is mental workableness,

there is bodily proficiency, there is mental proficiency,

there is bodily uprightness, there is mental uprightness,

there is mindfulness, there is full knowledge,

there is calm, there is full insight,

there is exertion, there is balance:

those thoughts are wholesome.

For him, through having done and developed the supermundane absorption the result is that quite secluded from sense desires, secluded from unwholesome things, having thinking, reflection, and the happiness and rapture born of seclusion, he dwells having attained the first absorption, with difficulty in practice and slow deepening of knowledge and emptiness,

at that time with a wholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: faith,

with faith as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of (all) these things.

The Explanation of Results having a Wholesome Root

14: The Explanation of Results having an Unwholesome Root

[350]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds in the sensual realm, a resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object,

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[351]

Herein, what is ‘with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: continuation?’

Except for feeling, (it is) the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

[352]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a sound object,

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant nose-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a smell object,

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant tongue-consciousness has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a taste object,

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant body-consciousness has arisen, connected with suffering, (having) a tangible object,

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant mind element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[353]

What are thoughts without consequences?

At whatever time, through having done and accumulated unwholesome deeds, a resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, connected with equanimity, (having) a form object, or a sound object, or a smell object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a thought object, or referring to whatever (thought),

at that time with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process,

with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness,

with consciousness as condition: mind,

with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere,

with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact,

with contact as condition: feeling,

with feeling as condition: resolve,

with resolve as condition: continuation,

with continuation as condition: birth,

with birth as condition: ageing, death,

and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.

[354]

Herein, what is ‘with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process?’

That which is volition, intention, intentionality:

this is said to be ‘with an unwholesome root as condition there is a (volitional) process.’

Herein, what is ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with a (volitional) process as condition: consciousness.’

Herein, what is ‘with consciousness as condition: mind?’

(There is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent:

this is said to be ‘with consciousness as condition: mind.’

Herein, what is ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere?’

That which is thought, mind, mentality, heart, consciousness, mind, the mind sense sphere, the mind faculty, consciousness, the consciousness constituent, the mind-consciousness element arising from that:

this is said to be ‘with mind as condition: the sixth sense sphere.’

Herein, what is ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact?’

That which is contact, contacting, close contacting, the state of being in close contact:

this is said to be ‘with the sixth sense sphere as condition: contact.’

Herein, what is ‘with contact as condition: feeling?’

That which is neither mental agreeableness nor disagreeableness, neither painful nor pleasant experience born of contact with the mind, neither painful nor pleasant feeling born of contact with the mind:

this is said to be ‘with contact as condition: feeling.’

Herein, what is ‘with feeling as condition: resolve?’

That which is resolve of the mind, resolution, the state of being resolved on that (mind):

this is said to be ‘with feeling as condition: resolve.’

Herein, what is ‘with resolve as condition: continuation?’

Except for resolve, (it is) the feeling constituent, the perception constituent, the (volitional) processes constituent, the consciousness constituent:

this is said to be ‘with resolve as condition: continuation.’

Herein, what is ‘with continuation as condition: birth?’

That which for various things is birth, being born, return, turning up, manifestation:

this is said to be ‘with continuation as condition: birth.’

Herein, what is ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death?’

There is ageing, there is death.

Herein, what is ‘ageing?’

For various things (there is) ageing, agedness, the dwindling away of the life span:

this is said to be ‘ageing.’

Herein, what is ‘death?’

For various things (there is) destruction, decay, a breaking up, a complete breaking up, impermanence, a disappearance:

this is called ‘death.’

Thus, this is ageing and this is death,

this is said to be ‘with birth as condition: ageing, death.’

So there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering, and so there is an association with this whole mass of suffering, a meeting with it, a connection with it, a manifestation of it. This is said to be ‘the origination of this whole mass of suffering.’

The Explanation of Results having an Unwholesome Root

The Section Derived from the Abstract Teaching

The Analysis of Conditional Origination is Finished

* * * Further Reading * * *

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Ancient Buddhist Texts

{1} MN 28: Yo paṭiccasamuppādaṁ passati so Dhammaṁ passati, yo Dhammaṁ passati so paṭiccasamuppādaṁ passati.

{2} DN 15: Gambhīro cāyaṁ, Ānanda, paṭiccasamuppādo gambhīrāvabhāso ca. Etassa, Ānanda, Dhammassa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evam-ayaṁ pajā ... apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ saṁsāraṁ nātivattati.

{3} See the first note to 09: The Explanation of the Unwholesome.

{4} This section should be compared and contrasted with the (Paṭiccasamuppāda)-Vibhaṅgasuttaṁ (SN 12.2), The Discourse giving the Analysis (of Conditional Origination) elsewhere on this website.

{5} Ignorance is normally defined specifically in relation to the Four Noble Truths, it is the kind of ignorance that ties someone to saṁsāra; however, in Dhammasaṅgaṇī (1162) four more are added, ignorance of the past, the future, the past and the future and conditioned things that have originated through conditionality (idapaccayatā samuppannadhamma). Ignorance in the various times is explained in the comm. as meaning ignorance of such things as the constituents, elements and sense-spheres (khandha, dhātu, āyatana).

{6} Despite the framing of the question, it is clear that the answers in each case only define the final term, and the question might have been better stated thus: Herein, what are (volitional) processes?

{7} These constitute one way of analysing the volitions; and the way of expression just below another.

{8} A careful division is made in the comm. here: there are eight meritorious thoughts in the sense-world spheres, and five in the form-world spheres, making thirteen in all; there are twelve demeritorious thoughts in the sense-world spheres (according to the commentary ten of these also occur in the form-world and formless-world spheres, but they do not lead to rebirth, which is what we are concerned with here, so it is restricted in the definition to those that occur in the sense-world spheres); and there are four impertubable thoughts in the formless-world spheres. This makes twenty-nine (13+12+4) volitions in all.

{9} Giving and morality belong solely to the sense-world spheres; whereas meditation belongs to all thirteen. These states can also be said to occur in the three times: when preparing, when acting, and when rejoicing in the deeds later.

{10} Again a careful division is made by the comm.: the eight wholesome volitions and twelve unwholesome volitions are expressed by way of the body and speech; but all twenty-nine volitions can be expressed by the mind.

{11} This unexpectedly continues on here without the expected questions: Herein, what is a (volitional) process expressed by way of the voice? and Herein, what is a (volitional) process expressed by way of the mind? PTS indicates ellipsis here, but neither ChS nor BJT do so, and it probably is not part of the text.

{12} The comm. in its discussion quotes a verse here and then gives this explanation: From one reason here there is not one result, nor many (results); nor through many reasons is there one (result); but from many reasons there are many (results).

{13} In the comm. this is defined as rebirth-consciousness, and eye-consciousness, etc. in the definition as resultant eye-consciousness, etc.

{14} Mind (nāma) is defined in the discourses in this context as (SN 12.2, passim): feeling (vedanā), perception (saññā), intention (cetanā), contact (phassa), application of mind (manasikāra), with saṅkhārakkhanda being divided into the last three. According to the comm. consciousness is excluded from nāma here because it is the condition for the others.

{15} Eslewhere craving is defined in different terms: craving for sense pleasures (kāmataṇhā), craving for continuation (bhavataṇhā), craving for discontinuation (vibhavataṇhā).

{16} These last two would seem to be special cases of the second type of attachment, in which case there is really only attachment to the senses and attachment to views (ideas).

{17} This is greatly expanded from the discourse original, which merely states: (there is) continuation in the sense-world spheres, continuation in the form-world spheres, continuation in the formless-world spheres.

{18} This is basically all deeds, except for that which leads to the supermundane.

{19} In the The Realm of Unconscious Beings, one of the highest realms in existence, and belongs to the Brahmalokā, it's corresponding psychological level is (a section within) the fourth jhāna.

{20} This is the 31st level and pinnacle of existence.

{21} One constituent existence applies in the The Realm of Unconscious Beings; four in the formless-world spheres; and five in the rest of existence.

{22} The comm. states here that only continuation from (intentional) deeds (kammabhava) is the condition for rebirth, and not continuation through rebirth (upapattibhava).

{23} The definition here, as in many of the early Abhidhammic-type definitions, is simply by way of synonyms and synonymous phrases.

{24} I am not sure why it is stated this way, rather than using dusīlabyasanena, which is what is evidently intended.

{25} The comm. explains that, unlike in the discourse teaching, here we are only dealing with single mind moments, so only a single (volitional) process is mentioned.

{26} Comm: the first section of the tetrad is called, the twelvefold section with two parts incomplete, because only mind in this line (not bodily form), and only the sixth sense sphere (not all of the sense spheres) in the next are mentioned. As we will see the other tetrads have names and variations of a similar kind.

{27} Among other explanations, the comm. says that the first two sections can be seen as referring to life in the formless-world spheres (where there is only mind), the third to life in the form-world spheres (where there is mind and fine materiality), and the fourth to life in the sense-world spheres (where both mind and bodily form exist).

{28} Comm: grief, lamentation and so on are not mentioned here because they do not occur in every conscious moment. The comm. says that although ageing and death do not occur in every moment they are included for the sake of completion.

{29} Comm: the second section is called, the elevenfold section with one part incomplete, because only mind is mentioned in this line (not bodily form).

{30} The sense spheres are not mentioned at all here, following the Mahānidānasuttantaṁ (DN 15), therefore there are only eleven links in the series in this section.

{31} Comm: third section, the twelvefold section with one part incomplete, mind and bodily form are both mentioned in this variation, but only the sixth sense sphere is listed, hence the name here (PTS edition reads paripuṇṇa, but this is evidently incorrect).

{32} Comm. fourth section: paripuṇṇa-dvādasaṅgiko, the complete twelvefold section. Although only the sixth sense sphere is mentioned in the next line, it is not counted as a part.

{33} The comm. explains that as we are dealing with only one mind moment, then only the sixth sense sphere is mentioned as the cause of contact.

{34} The comm. explains that this part of the roots tetrad is being shown by way of non-disappearance condition (avigatapaccaya), and a (volitional) process always has ignorance as its condition, and so on with the others; when we come to continuation (bhava) it doesn't have attachment (upādāna) as a non-disappearance condition therefore it is stated differently, and the same with the rest of the series from that point onwards.

{35} As was said above for the roots tetrad applies here also, but the condition in this case is the arising together condition (sahajātapaccaya).

{36} ChS mistakenly reads: with craving as condition: attachment associated with attachment here.

{37} Comm: Now the method rooted in a (volitional) process begins with: ‘With a (volitional) process as condition there is ignorance’. Herein, just as in ‘rooted in ignorance’ so the four tetrads and sixteen sections should be seen. But having shown the first section in the first tetrad, the teaching is (then) abbreviated. The peyyāla passages only indicate that the first section should be filled in, and that is what is followed here.

{38} ChS mistakenly has ...pe... here, but the section is in fact joined with what follows.

{39} Comm: This is purified consciousness, it is said in reference to the subconscious continuum.

{40} This is said because normally attachment would be included in the (volitional) process constituent, but as it can't be a condition for itself, it is excluded here.

{41} The structure is different here, but I don't know why: there is an interjection of this section with a secondary analysis of mind, before a continuation of the expected series.

{42} Excluding contact from mind, as it cannot be a condition for itself.

{43} This number is missing in the transcription on CSCD but belongs here.

{44} Mind (nāma) is elsewhere (SN 12.2) defined in this context as: feeling (vedanā), perception (saññā), intention (cetanā), contact (phassa), application of mind (manasikāra).

{45} This number is missing in the transcription on CSCD but belongs here.

{46} ChS mistakenly reads: with craving as condition: attachment associated with attachment, here.

{47} The repetition passage that follows this is not clear, but it cannot be as extensive as U Thiṭṭila suggests (paras 248-279 inclusive, and each time), but must follow the pattern given below. This is one of the places where the repetition is given not at the beginning, but at the end of the passage referred to, and some small confusion has come in, as discussed in the next note.

{48} Here, the form and its definition cannot be identified from the peyyāla passage alone. The comm. says: Herein, because of disassociation from wrong view there is no ‘with craving as condition: attachment’, and therefore in place of attachment, the word resolve fills in, as it has a falls strongly (on its object), like attachment. We can understand from this that it is only when there is disassociation from wrong view, that resolve (adhimutta) should be used. Here in this first section, it is associated with wrong view, and therefore attachment (upādāna) must be the correct word.

{49} As discussed above resolve (adhimokkha) is said here and in the next section, because because there is a disassociation from wrong view.

{50} Comm: Because of connection with sorrow there is no ‘with feeling as condition: craving’, and therefore in place of craving the word repulsion fills in, as it is strongly defiled, (and for the same reason) resolve (is said).

{51} Comm: Because of association with uncertainty there is an absence of conviction and no resolve, therefore in place of craving the word uncertainty fills in, as it is strongly defiled, and the place of attachment is omitted altogether.

{52} Comm: Because of association with agitation, there is resolve, therefore in place of craving the word agitation fills in, as it is strongly defiled, and in place of attachment, resolve (is said).

{53} Comm:  Herein because in that single conscious moment there is no ignorance together with the wholesome (volitional) process, therefore instead of having said that, as ignorance (was said about) unwholesome things, because of it being the root of wholesome things, ‘a wholesome root’ (is said).

{54} Comm: Because there is no craving and attachment at the place of craving, faith, which is immersed in the sense-object like craving (is said); and at the place of attachment, resolve, which falls strongly (on its object) like attachment, is said.

{55} The expected peyyāla after amoho is omitted, and similarly below, which indicates this is not a mistake.

{56} This number is missing in the transcription on CSCD but belongs here.

{57} Comm: But here, in particular, with eye-consciousness and so on, the place of craving and attachment are omitted. Why? Because of the absence of a strong state to put in the place of craving, and (because of) being without resolve.

{58} Continuation (bhava) is normally defined in terms of the four constituents (khandha), but here feeling is excluded as it cannot be a condition for itself. The statement is a bit awkward, as it could simply have been dropped from the list, rather than excluded from a list of items it is not included in in the first place, but it is following a pattern established earlier in regard to attachment (upadāna) and resolve (adhimokkha).

{59} Printed as the sixth sense sphere in ChS, which makes this paragraph repeat 337.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Texts and Translations

The Doctrine of Conditional Origination

Derived from the Discourses

Derived from the Abstract Teaching

6. The Analysis of Conditional Origination

1. The Section Derived from the Discourses

2. The Section Derived from the Abstract Teaching

01: The Conditions Tetrad

02: The Roots Tetrad

03: The Associations Tetrad

04: The Mutuality Tetrad

The Matrix

05: The Conditions Tetrad

06: The Roots Tetrad

07: The Associations Tetrad

08: The Mutuality Tetrad

09: The Explanation of the Unwholesome

10: The Explanation of the Wholesome

11: The Explanation of what is Without Consequences

12: The Explanation of the Wholesome with a Root of Ignorance

13: The Explanation of Results having a Wholesome Root

14: The Explanation of Results having an Unwholesome Root

* * * Further Reading * * *