7: Kalyāṇī In the title the word is spelt
abhittaretha kallāṇe pāpā cittaṁnivāraye|
daṁdhaṁhikaratopuṁñaṁ pāpamhi ramatemano||
abhittharetha kalyāṇe pāpā cittaṁ nivāraye,
dandhaṁ hi karato puññaṁ pāpasmiṁ ramatī mano.
kayira Three times we have to ignore the svarabhakti vowel in this word and its cognate in this verse. ce puruṣo pāpaṁ na naṁ kayirā punappuno |
na tamhi chanda[ṁ] kayirātha dukkho pāpassa sa[ṁ]cayo ||
pāpañ ce puriso kayirā na taṁ kayirā punappunaṁ,
na tamhi chandaṁ kayirātha dukkho pāpassa uccayo.
kayira ce puruṣo pu[ṁ]ña[ṁ] kay[i]ra cena[ṁ] punappuno |
tamh[i] eva chanda[ṁ] kayirātha The metre in this line is incorrect, we could read
puññañ ce puriso kayirā kayirāthetaṁ punappunaṁ,
tamhi chandaṁ kayirātha sukho puññassa uccayo.
śuddhasseva sadā phaggū suddasso Read:
śuddhassa śucikammassa sadā saṁpajjate vrataṁ ||
suddhasseva sadā phaggu suddhassuposatho sadā,
suddhassa sucikammassa sadā sampajjate vataṁ.
[100ab ≈ Dhp 314ab, Nirayavaggo; cd cf. 17cd, Yamakavaggo]
akataṁ dukkataṁ śreyo pacchā tapati dukkataṁ |
dukkataṁ me kataṁ ti śocati This line shows the variant opening discussed in The Prosody of the Dhammapada. Even so we must read
akataṁ dukkataṁ seyyo pacchā tapati dukkataṁ.
————
pāpaṁ mĕ katan ti tappati bhiyyo tappati duggatiṁ gato.
[101ab ≈ Dhp 314cd, Nirayavaggo; cd cf. 18cd, Yamakavaggo]
katañ ca sukataṁ sādhu yaṁ kattā nānutappati |
sukataṁ me I read
katañ ca sukataṁ seyyo yaṁ katvā nānutappati.
————
puññaṁ mĕ katan ti nandati bhiyyo nandati suggatiṁ gato.
pāpo pi paśśate bhadraṁ yāva pāpaṁ na paccati |
yadā tu paccate pāpaṁ atha pāpo pāpāni paśśati This line (which is confirmed by the Pāḷi reading) is hypermetric by 2 syllables. Norman, in his comment in Word of the Doctrine to the parallel to this verse, suggests it may be a Vaitālīya line, but this opening is not normally seen in the Vaitālīya, and it seems better to take it as a hypermetric śloka. Similarly for the following verse. ||
pāpo pi passati bhadraṁ yāva pāpaṁ na paccati,
yadā ca paccati pāpaṁ atha pāpo pāpāni passati.
bhadro pi paśśate pāpaṁ yāva bhadraṁ na paccati |
yadā tu paccate bhadraṁ atha bhadro bhadrāṇi paśśati ||
bhadro pi passati pāpaṁ yāva bhadraṁ na paccati,
yadā ca paccati bhadraṁ atha bhadro bhadrāni passati.
pāpaṁ pi karato bhadraṁ yāva pāpaṁ na paccati |
atha payirāgate kāle pāpo pāpāni paśśati This verse and the next, which do not have proper parallels in the Pāḷi, look like attempts to rewrite the metrically unsatisfactory verses which precede. ||
pāpo pi passati bhadraṁ yāva pāpaṁ na paccati,
yadā ca paccati pāpaṁ atha pāpo pāpāni passati.
bhadraṁ pi karato pāpaṁ yāva bhadraṁ na paccati |
atha payirāgate kāle bhadro bhadrāṇi paśśati ||
bhadro pi passati pāpaṁ yāva bhadraṁ na paccati,
yadā ca paccati bhadraṁ atha bhadro bhadrāni passati.
pāṇimhi ce vraṇo nā 'ssa dhāreyā pāṇinā viṣaṁ |
nāvraṇe viṣam anneti nāsti pāpaṁ akurvvato ||
pāṇimhi ce vaṇo nāssa hareyya pāṇinā visaṁ,
nābbaṇaṁ visam anveti natthi pāpaṁ akubbato.
na hi pāpakaṁ kataṁ kammaṁ sajjaṁ chīraṁ va mucchati This reading is preferable to the Pāḷi
dahantaṁ bālam anneti bhassachanno va pāpako ||
na hi pāpaṁ kataṁ kammaṁ sajju khīraṁ va muccati,
ḍahantaṁ bālam anveti bhasmacchanno va pāvako.
na hi pāpakaṁ kataṁ kammaṁ sajjaṁ śastam va kantati |
maraṇo 'peto hi jānāti yā gatī pāpakaṁmuṇo I can find no parallel for this verse in the Pāḷi texts. ||
na hi pāpaktaṁ karma sadyaḥ śastram iva We need to read
sāmparāye tu jānāti yā gatiḥ pāpakarmaṇām |
paścāt tu kaṭukaṁ bhavati vipākaṁ pratiṣevataḥ ||
anāgataṁ paṭikayirātha kiccaṁ mā vo kiccaṁ kiccakāle vyadheyā Both posterior lines in this verse (and in the Pāḷi parallel) show the Vedic opening with the heavy 3rd syllable. |
taṁ tārisaṁ paṭikatakiccakāriṁ na naṁ kiccaṁ kiccakāle vyadheti ||
anāgataṁ paṭikayirātha kiccaṁ mā maṁ kiccaṁ kiccakāle vyadhesi,
taṁ tādisaṁ paṭigatakiccakāriṁ There is a v.l.
[110 ≈ Devaputtasaṁyuttaṁ, 3.2 v. 4]
paṭikacceva taṁ kayirā yaṁ ñāyyā hitam āttano |
na śākaṭikamanti ssa mantaṁ dhīro parākrame This and the next two verses occur in the same order in
paṭigacceva There is a v.l.
na sākaṭikacintāya mantā dhīro parakkame.
[111 ≈ Devaputtasaṁyuttaṁ, 3.2 v. 5]
yathā śākaṭiko māggaṁ samaṁ hettā mahāpathaṁ |
viṣamaṁ māggam āsājja akkhachinno tha Read:
yathā sākaṭiko panthaṁ samaṁ hitvā mahāpathaṁ,
visamaṁ maggam āruyha akkhacchinno va jhāyati.
[112 ≈ Devaputtasaṁyuttaṁ, 3.2 v. 6]
evaṁ dhammā apakrāṁma adhaṁmam anuvattiya |
bālo maccumukhaṁ prātto akkhachinno va jhāyati ||
evaṁ dhammā apakkamma adhammam anuvattiya,
mando maccumukhaṁ patto akkhacchinno va jhāyati.
kāṣāyakaṁṭhā bahavo pāpadhaṁmā asaṁyyatā |
pāpā pāpehi kaṁmehi nirayaṁ te upapajjatha ||
kāsāvakaṇṭhā bahavo pāpadhammā asaññatā,
pāpā pāpehi kammehi nirayaṁ te upapajjare.
[114 ≈ Dhp 306, Nirayavaggo One of the most famous verses in the Pāḷi canon, it also occurs at: Ud 4.8, It 48.1, and Sn 661.]
abhūtavādī nirayaṁ upeti yo cāpi kattā na karomī ti āha The posterior line (both here and in the Pāḷi) shows the extended form of the metre, pausing after the caesura, and restarting from the 5th syllable. |
ubho pi te precca samā bhavanti nihīnakaṁmā manujā paratra ||
abhūtavādī nirayaṁ upeti yo vāpi katvā na karomī ti cāha,
ubho pi te pecca samā bhavanti nihīnakammā manujā parattha.
yo apraduṣṭassa naro praduṣyati śuddhassa poṣassa anaṁgaṇassa |
tam eva bālaṁ pracceti pāpaṁ Line c shows replacement of two short syllables by one long one, which is an occasional variation in the Triṣṭubh/Jagatī line. sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṁ va khitto ||
yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa,
tam eva bālaṁ pacceti pāpaṁ sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṁ va khitto.
vāṇijo va bhayaṁ māggaṁ appasāttho mahaddhano |
viṣaṁ jīvitukāmo va pāpāni parivajjaye ||
vāṇijo va bhayaṁ maggaṁ appasattho mahaddhano,
visaṁ jīvitukāmo va pāpāni parivajjaye.
[117 ≈ Dhp 291, Pakiṇṇakavaggo]
paradukkhopadhānena yo icche sukham āttano |
verasaṁsaggasaṁsaṭṭho dukkhā It seems to me that
paradukkhūpadānena attano sukham icchati,
verasaṁsaggasaṁsaṭṭho verā so na parimuccati.
kuṇapassa pi gandhucchijjati We need to read the simplex -
puruṣassa adhammacāriṇo annāhaṁ gandho na chijjati There are no parallels to the last three verses in this chapter in any of the other rescensions and one suspects that they are late additions to the collection. When we see the corrections that have to made to the metre it is clear that they were originally Prākt verses that have been rather clumsily Sanskritised. ||
yatha ggrahapatayo We have to read as the simplex
muttāmaṇiphaṭikarajataheto This line has resolution twice, at the beginning of the two words -
tatha-r-iva śamaṇā prabhūtapraṁñā ayirā ayirapathesu As
jātijarāmaraṇabhayāddittā dukkhāṭṭā This line is very unmetrical as it stands. We should read:
Kalyāṇīvarggaḥ