Mahakhandhako - Pathamadesana

[I. Paṭhamadesanā]

[9: Dhammacakkappavattanasuttaṁ]

Atha kho Bhagavā pañcavaggiye bhikkhū āmantesi: “Dveme bhikkhave antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā, PTS, ChS add: katame dve; the sort of rhetorical question that does in fact get asked in these positions in the texts. yo cāyaṁ:

kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo,
hīno, gammo, pothujjaniko, anariyo, anatthasaṁhito;
yo cāyaṁ: attakilamathānuyogo,
dukkho, anariyo, anatthasaṁhito.

Ete te PTS, ChS: kho. bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma, majjhimā paṭipadā Tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī, ñāṇakaraṇī, upasamāya abhiññāya Sambodhāya Nibbānāya saṁvattati.

Katamā ca sā bhikkhave majjhimā paṭipadā, Tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī, ñāṇakaraṇī, upasamāya abhiññāya Sambodhāya Nibbānāya saṁvattati? Ayam-eva Ariyo Aṭṭhaṅgiko Maggo, seyyathīdaṁ:

sammādiṭṭhi
sammāsaṅkappo
sammāvācā
sammākammanto
sammā-ājīvo
sammāvāyāmo
sammāsati
sammāsamādhi.

Ayaṁ kho sā bhikkhave majjhimā paṭipadā, Tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī, ñāṇakaraṇī, upasamāya abhiññāya Sambodhāya Nibbānāya saṁvattati.

[Cattāri Ariyasaccāni]

Idaṁ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ:

jāti pi dukkhā
jarā pi dukkhā
vyādhi pi dukkho PTS: dukkhā, plural, but vyādhi is singular.
maraṇam-pi dukkhaṁ
appiyehi sampayogo dukkho
piyehi vippayogo dukkho
yam-picchaṁ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṁ
saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā PTS adds: pi, but this is the summary not another item. dukkhā.

Idaṁ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhasamudayaṁ Thai: dukkhasamudayo, nominative, but accusative is needed here, similarly throughout. ariyasaccaṁ: yā yaṁ taṇhā ponobhavikā, PTS, Thai, ChS: ponobbhavikā, both spellings are found in the texts, but pono < ponaḥ, which means the last syllable is already assimilated so we are dealing with pono + bhavikā, not ponor + bhavikā. nandirāgasahagatā, tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathīdaṁ:

kāmataṇhā
bhavataṇhā
vibhavataṇhā.

Idaṁ kho pana bhikkhave dukkhanirodhaṁ Thai: dukkhanirodho, nominative, but accusative is needed here, similarly throughout. ariyasaccaṁ: yo tassā yeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho - cāgo, paṭinissaggo, mutti, anālayo.

Idaṁ kho pana bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ, ayam-eva Ariyo Aṭṭhaṅgiko Maggo, seyyathīdaṁ:

sammādiṭṭhi BJT abbreviates: sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo ...pe... sammāsamādhi; Thai abbreviates: sammādiṭṭhi ...pe... sammāsamādhi.
sammāsaṅkappo
sammāvācā
sammākammanto
sammā-ājīvo
sammāvāyāmo
sammāsati
sammāsamādhi.

[Sacchikiriyā]

“Idaṁ dukkhaṁ ariyasaccan”-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ” pariññeyyan-ti - me bhikkhave BJT, PTS, Thai greatly abbreviate what follows. pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ” pariññātan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

“Idaṁ dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccan”-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ” pahātabban-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ” pahīnan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

“Idaṁ dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccan”-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ” sacchikātabban-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ” sacchikatan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

“Idaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccan”-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ” bhāvetabban-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

Taṁ kho pan' “idaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ” bhāvitan-ti - me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṁ udapādi, ñāṇaṁ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

[Sambodhipaccaññanaṁ]

Yāva kīvañ-ca me bhikkhave imesu catusu Thai, ChS: catūsu, alternative spelling, showing the u/ū alternation seen in the texts. Similarly elsewhere. ariyasaccesu - evaṁ tiparivaṭṭaṁ dvādasākāraṁ - yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ na suvisuddhaṁ ahosi, neva tāvāhaṁ bhikkhave sadevake loke Samārake Sabrahmake, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ Abhisambuddho PTS, ChS add: ti, here and below which would make it direct quotation: I did not declare ... “I am a Full and Perfect Sambuddha with unsurpassed complete awakening”. paccaññāsiṁ.

Yato ca kho me bhikkhave imesu catusu ariyasaccesu - evaṁ tiparivaṭṭaṁ dvādasākāraṁ - yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ suvisuddhaṁ ahosi, athāhaṁ bhikkhave sadevake loke Samārake Sabrahmake, sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ Abhisambuddho paccaññāsiṁ. Ñāṇañ-ca pana me dassanaṁ udapādi:

Akuppā me cetovimutti Thai, ChS: me vimutti, sure is my liberation.
ayam-antimā jāti
natthi dāni punabbhavo.” ti

[Paṭhamāpatti]

Idam-avoca Bhagavā, attamanā pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū Bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandun-ti. BJT, Thai omit the two lines from Idam-avoca to abhinandun-ti. Imasmiñ-ca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṁ bhaññamāne, āyasmato Koṇḍaññassa virajaṁ, vītamalaṁ, Dhammacakkhuṁ udapādi:

“Yaṁ kiñci samudayadhammaṁ,
sabban-taṁ nirodhadhamman.”-ti

[Devabbhanumodanā]

Pavattite ca pana Thai omits: pana. Bhagavatā Dhammacakke Bhummā devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

“Etaṁ Bhagavatā Bārāṇasiyaṁ Isipatane Migadāye,
anuttaraṁ Dhammacakkaṁ pavattitaṁ,
appativattiyaṁ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā
devena vā Mārena vā Brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmin.”-ti Mahāvastu (3.334) records a much longer cry: etaṁ māriṣa Bhagavatā Vārāṇasyāṁ ṣivadane Mgadāve triparivartaṁ dvādaśākāraṁ anuttaraṁ Dharmacakraṁ pravartitaṁ apravartyaṁ kenacic chramaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā māreṇa vā kenacid vā punar loke saha Dharmeṇa bhaviṣyati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukaṁpāya mahato janakāyasyārthāya hitāya sukhāya devānāṁ ca manuṣyāṇāṁ ca hāyiṣyanti āsurā kāyā divyā kāyā abhivardhiṣyanti.

Bhummānaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Cātummahārājikā PTS, ChS: -m-, the compound = catur + mahārājikā, so we would expect -mm- to develop (< -rm-). devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ: From here on BJT, PTS, Thai and ChS greatly abbreviate, giving only the names of the gods, until Brahmakāyikā devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ.

Cātummahārājikānaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Tāvatiṁsā devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

Tāvatiṁsānaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Yāmā devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

Yāmānaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Tusitā devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

Tusitānaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Nimmāṇaratī Thai: nimmānaratī, showing the n/ṇ alternation. devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

Nimmāṇaratīnaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Paranimmitavasavattino Thai, ChS: -vattī, alternate form of the masculine plural in -i. devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

Paranimmitavasavattīnaṁ devānaṁ saddaṁ sutvā Brahmakāyikā devā saddam-anussāvesuṁ:

Iti ha tena khaṇena PTS, ChS add: tena layena, at that instant. tena muhuttena, yāva Brahmalokā saddo abbhuggañchi, PTS, Thai, ChS: abbhuggacchi, showing the cch/ñch alternation. ayañ-ca dasasahassī lokadhātu PTS: ayañ-ca kho dasasahassilokadhātu; ChS: -sahassilokadhātu; sandhi forms of the reading in the text. saṅkampi, sampakampi, sampavedhi, appamāṇo ca uḷāro obhāso loke pātur-ahosi, atikkamma devānaṁ devānubhāvaṁ.

Atha kho Bhagavā imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi:

“Aññāsi vata bho Koṇḍañño,
aññāsi vata bho Koṇḍañño.” ti

Iti hidaṁ āyasmato Koṇḍaññassa Aññā PTS: Aññāta; ChS: Aññāsikoṇḍañño, similarly throughout. Koṇḍañño tveva nāmaṁ ahosi.

last updated: August 2009