Ja 256 The Birth Story about the Old Well (3s)

Alternative Title: Jarūdapānajātaka (Cst)

In the present some merchants leave from Jetavana to go and make their fortune. When they come across a well and start digging they find great riches, and soon return again. The Buddha tells a story of how some people in a past life had found similar riches but refused to stop digging and were killed by the Nāgas who got angry at the destruction.

The Bodhisatta = the elder caravan leader (satthavāhajeṭṭhaka),
Sāriputta = the king of the Nāgas (Nāgarājā).

Keywords: Greed, Moderation, Devas.

“Some merchants.” This story the Teacher told while living at Jetavana, about some traders whose home was at Sāvatthi.

The tradition is that these men had acquired wares in Sāvatthi, which they loaded on carts. ‘When the time came for them to set about their business, they gave an invitation to the Tathāgata, and offered him rich alms; they received the Refuges, were strengthened in the Precepts, and took their leave of the Teacher with these words, “Sir, we are going a long way. When we have parted with our wares, if we are fortunate and return in safety, we will come and wait upon you again.” Then they set off on their journey.

In a difficult part of their road they observed a disused well. There was no water in it that they could see, and they were athirst; so they resolved to dig deeper. As they dug, {2.295} they came upon successive layers of minerals of all sorts, from iron to lapis lazuli. This find contented them; they filled their wagons with these treasures, and got back safe to Sāvatthi. They stowed away the treasure which they had brought; and then bethought them, that having been so lucky they would give food to the Saṅgha. So they invited the Tathāgata, and made him presents; and when they had respectfully greeted him, and sat down on one side, they recounted how they had found their treasure. Said he, “You, good laymen, are content with your find, and accept your wealth and your livelihood with all moderation. But in other days there were men not content, immoderate, who refused to do as wise men advised them, and so lost their life.” And he told at their request a story of the past.

In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benares, the Bodhisatta was born into the family of a business man; and grew up to be a great merchant. At one time he had filled his wagons with goods, and in company with a large caravan he came to this very same wood and saw this very same well. No sooner had the traders seen it, than they wanted to drink, and began to dig, and as they dug they came upon a [2.206] quantity of metal and gems. But though they got a great deal of treasure, they were discontented. “There must be another treasure here, better than this!” they thought, and they dug and dug.

Then said the Bodhisatta to them, “Merchants, greed is the root of destruction. You have won a great deal of wealth; with this be content, and dig no more.” But they digged yet the more notwithstanding.

Now this well was haunted by serpents. The Nāga king, incensed at the falling of clods and earth, slew them with the breath of his nostrils, Nāsikavātena. Perhaps this throws light on the disease ahivātarogo, p. 55 note. all saving the Bodhisatta, {2.296} and destroyed them; and he came up from the Nāga world, and put the oxen to the carts, filled them with jewels, and seating the Bodhisatta upon a fine wagon, he made certain young Nāgas drive the carts, and brought him to Benares. He led him into his house, set the treasure in order, and went away again to his own place in the Nāga land. And the Bodhisatta spent his treasure, so that he made much stir throughout all Jambudīpa by his generosity, and, having undertaken the deeds of virtue, and kept the holy day, at the end of his life he came to heaven.

The Teacher, after telling this tale, after Fully Awakening, uttered the following lines:

1. Jarūdapānaṁ khaṇamānā, vāṇijā udakatthikā,
Ajjhagamuṁ ayasaṁ lohaṁ tipusīsañ-ca vāṇijā,
Rajataṁ jātarūpañ-ca muttā veḷuriyā bahū.

Merchants, while digging an old well, desiring water, the merchants came across iron, copper, and lead, silver and gold, pearls, and beryl in abundance.

2. Te ca tena asantuṭṭhā bhiyyo bhiyyo akhāṇisuṁ,
Te tatthāsīviso ghoro tejassī tejasā hani.

Not being content with that they dug down deeper more and yet more, there a poisonous snake, dreadful, fiery, destroyed them with fire.

3. Tasmā khaṇe nātikhaṇe, atikhātañ-hi pāpakaṁ,
Khātena ca dhanaṁ laddhaṁ, atikhātena nāsitan-ti.

Therefore you should dig down, but not too much, digging too deep is bad, by digging down they gained wealth, but by digging too much it was lost.

In this connection, iron means manganese. The two metals are often found together.

Not being content with that means the merchants, not being content with that wealth.

There … them means the merchants in that well.

Fiery means endowed with fiery poison.

Destroyed them with fire means he destroyed them with fiery poison.

By digging too much it was lost means by digging too much both wealth and life was lost.

When the Teacher had finished this discourse, he identified the Jātaka, “At that time, Sāriputta was the Nāga king, and the master of the caravan was I myself.”