Dharma-Saṅgraha
The Dharma Collection

Dharmas 21-40

21. Four Noble Truths

Catvāry-ārya-satyāni, tad-yathā:
There are four noble truths, they are:

{1} Duḥkhaṁ,
{1} Suffering,

{2} samudayo,
{2} arising,

{3} nirodho,
{3} cessation,

{4} mārgaś-ceti.
{4} and path.

22. Five Components

Pañca skandhāḥ,
There are five components,

{1} rūpaṁ,
{1} bodily-form,

{2} vedanā,
{2} feelings,

{3} saṁjñā,
{3} perceptions,

{4} saṁskārā,
{4} volitions,

{5} vijñānaṁ ceti.
{5} and consciousness.

23. Five Super-Mundane Components

Lokottara-pañca-skandhāḥ,
There are five super-mundane components,

{1} śīla-
{1} virtue,

{2} samādhi-
{2} concentration,

{3} prajñā-
{3} wisdom,

{4} vimukti-
{4} freedom,

{5} vimukti-jñāna-darśana-skandhā iti.
{5} the components of knowledge and insight into freedom.

24. Twelve Sense Spheres

Dvādaśāyatanāni,
There are twelve sense spheres,

{1} cakṣuḥ-
{1} eye,

{2} śrotra-
{2} ear,

{3} ghrāṇa-
{3} nose,

{4} jihvā-
{4} tongue,

{5} kāya-
{5} body,

{6} mana-āyatanāni;
{6} mind sense spheres;

{7} rūpa-
{7} form,

{8} gandha-
{8} smell, The order is unexpected here, normally we would expect sounds to precede smells.

{9} śabda-
{9} sound,

{10} rasa-
{10} taste,

{11} sparśa-
{11} tangible,

{12} dharmāyatanāni ceti.
{12} and thought sense spheres.

25. Eighteen Elements

Aṣṭādaśa dhātavaḥ,
There are eighteen elements,

{1} cakṣuḥ-
{1} eye,

{2} śrotra-
{2} ear,

{3} ghrāṇa-
{3} nose,

{4} jihvā-
{4} tongue,

{5} kāya-
{5} body,

{6} mano-
{6} mind,

{7} rūpa-
{7} form,

{8} gandha-
{8} smell,

{9} śabda-
{9} sound,

{10} rasa-
{10} taste,

{11} sparśa-
{11} tangible,

{12} dharma-dhātavaś-;
{12} and thought elements;

{13} cakṣur-vijñāna-
{13} eye-consciousness,

{14} śrotra-vijñāna-
{14} ear-consciousness,

{15} ghrāṇa-vijñāna-
{15} nose-consciousness,

{16} jihvā-vijñāna-
{16} tongue-consciousness,

{17} kāya-vijñāna-
{17} body-consciousness,

{18} mano-vijñānadhātavaś-ceti. [6]
{18} and mind-consciousness elements.

26. Eleven Form Components

Tatraikādaśa rūpa-skandhāḥ,
Herein, there are eleven form components,

{1} cakṣuḥ,
{1} eye,

{2} śrotraṁ,
{2} ear,

{3} ghrāṇaṁ,
{3} nose,

{4} jihvā,
{4} tongue,

{5} kāyo,
{5} body,

{6} rūpaṁ,
{6} form,

{7} śabdo,
{7} sound,

{8} gandho,
{8} smell,

{9} rasaḥ,
{9} taste,

{10} sparśo,
{10} tangible,

{11} vijñaptiś-ceti.
{11} and intimation.

27. Three Kinds of Feeling

Vedanā tri-vidhā,
There are three kinds of feeling,

{1} sukhā,
{1} pleasant,

{2} duḥkhā-
{2} unpleasant,

{3} ’duḥkhāsukhā ceti.
{3} and neither unpleasant-nor-pleasant.

28. {Two} Perception Components

{Dve} saṁjñā-skandhaḥ,
There are {two} perception components,

{1-2} nimittodgrahaṇātmakā.
{1-2} having the nature of signs and descriptions. ??

29. Two Kinds of Conditions

Saṁskārā dvi-vidhāḥ, tatra,
There are two kinds of conditions, herein,

{1} citta-samprayukta-saṁskārāḥ,
{1} conditions that are associated with mind,

{2} citta-viprayukta-saṁskārāś-ceti.
{2} and conditions that are unassociated with mind.

30. Forty Conditions that are associated with Mind

Citta-samprayukta-saṁskārāś-catvāriṁśat, tad-yathā:
There are forty conditions that are associated with mind, they are:

{1} Vedanā,
{1} Feelings,

{2} saṁjñā,
{2} perceptions,

{3} cetanā,
{3} intentions,

{4} chandaḥ,
{4} desire,

{5} sparśo,
{5} contact,

{6} matiḥ,
{6} design,

{7} smtir-
{7} mindfulness,

{8} manaskāro
{8} application of mind,

{9} ’dhimokṣaḥ,
{9} determination,

{10} samādhiḥ,
{10} concentration,

{11} śraddhā-
{11} faith,

{12} ’pramādaḥ,
{12} heedfulness,

{13} prasrabdhir-
{13} tranquillity,

{14} upekṣā,
{14} equanimity,

{15} hrīr-
{15} shame,

{16} apatrapā-
{16} conscience,

{17} ’lobho
{17} non-greed,

{18} ’dveṣo,
{18} non-hatred,

{19} ahiṁsā,
{19} non-violence,

{20} vīryaṁ,
{20} energy,

{21} mohaḥ,
{21} delusion,

{22} pramādaḥ,
{22} heedlessness,

{23} kausīdyam-
{23} indolence,

{24} aśrāddhyaṁ,
{24} faithlessness,

{25} styānam-
{25} sloth,

{26} auddhatyam-
{26} agitation,

{27} ahrīkatā-
{27} shamelessness,

{28} ’napatrapā,
{28} lack of conscience,

{29} krodha,
{29} anger,

{30} upanāhaḥ,
{30} enmity,

{31} śāṭhyam-
{31} deceit,

{32} īrṣyā,
{32} jealousy,

{33} pradāno,
{33} goading,

{34} mrakṣo,
{34} ill-will,

{35} mātsaryaṁ,
{35} selfishness,

{36} māyā,
{36} deception,

{37} mado,
{37} intoxication,

{38} vihiṁsā,
{38} violence,

{39} vitarko,
{39} thinking,

{40} vicāraś-ceti. [7]
{40} and reflection.

31. Thirteen Conditions that are unassociated with Mind

Tatra citta-viprayukta-saṁskārās-trayodaśa,
Herein, there are thirteen conditions that are unassociated with mind,

{1} prāptir-
{1} occurrence, ??

{2} aprāptiḥ,
{2} non-occurrence, ??

{3} sabhāgatā-
{3} participation, ??

{4} ’saṁjñikaṁ,
{4} unconsciousness,

{5} samāptir-
{5} attainment,

{6} jīvitaṁ,
{6} life,

{7} jātir-
{7} birth,

{8} jarā,
{8} old age,

{9} sthitir-
{9} stability,

{10} anityatā,
{10} impermanence,

{11} nāmakāyo,
{11} a group of words,

{12} padakāyaḥ,
{12} a group of sentences,

{13} vyañjanakāyaś-ceti.
{13} and a group of syllables.

32. Three Unconditioned Things

Trīṇy-asaṁsktāni, tad-yathā:
There are three unconditioned things, they are:

{1} Ākāśaḥ,
{1} Space,

{2} pratisaṅkhyā-nirodho
{2} observed cessation,

{3} ’pratisaṅkhyā-nirodhaś-ceti.
{3} and unobserved cessation.

33. Six Spheres

Ṣaḍ viṣayāḥ, tad-yathā:
There are six spheres, they are:

{1} Rūpaṁ,
{1} Form,

{2} śabdo,
{2} sound,

{3} gandho,
{3} smell,

{4} rasaḥ,
{4} taste,

{5} sparśo,
{5} tangible,

{6} dharmaś-ceti.
{6} and thought.

34. {Twenty} Form Objects

Tatra, {viṁśati} rūpaṁ viṣaya-svabhāvaṁ,
Herein, there are {twenty} form objects,

{1} nīlaṁ,
{1} black,

{2} pītaṁ,
{2} yellow,

{3} lohitam-
{3} red,

{4} avadātaṁ,
{4} white,

{5} haritaṁ,
{5} green,

{6} dīrghaṁ,
{6} long,

{7} hrasvaṁ,
{7} short,

{8} parimaṇḍalam-
{8} circular,

{9} unnatam-
{9} bent up,

{10} avanataṁ,
{10} bent down,

{11} sātaṁ,
{11} pleasant,

{12} visātam-
{12} unpleasant,

{13} acchaṁ,
{13} clear,

{14} dhūmo,
{14} clouded,

{15} rajo,
{15} dusty,

{16} mahikā,
{16} frosty,

{17} chāyā-
{17} shadowy,

{18} ’tapa,
{18} sunny,

{19} āloko
{19} light,

{20} ’ndhakāraś-ceti.
{20} and dark.

35. Twenty-Eight Kinds of Sounds

Aṣṭāviṁśati-vidhaḥ śabdaḥ,
There are twenty-eight kinds of sounds,

{1-7} sapta puruṣa-vāk-śabdāḥ,
{1-7} there are seven human sounds made with the voice,

{8-14} sapta puruṣa-hastādi-śabdāḥ,
{8-14} seven human sounds made with the hands and so on,

{15-28} eta evaṁ manojña-bhedenāṣṭāviṁśatiḥ. [8]
{15-28} these are divided into agreeable and disagreeable, making twenty-eight.

36. Six Kinds of Tastes

Rasaḥ ṣaḍ-vidhaḥ, tad-yathā:
There are six kinds of tastes, they are:

{1} Madhuro
{1} Sweet,

{2} ’mlo,
{2} sour,

{3} lavaṇaḥ,
{3} salty,

{4} kaṭus-
{4} acidic,

{5} tiktaḥ,
{5} bitter,

{6} kaṣāyaś-ceti.
{6} and astringent.

37. Four Smells

Catvāro gandhāḥ, tad-yathā:
There are four smells, they are:

{1} Sugandho,
{1} Pleasant smell,

{2} durgandhaḥ,
{2} unpleasant smell,

{3} sama-gandho,
{3} neutral smell,

{4} viṣama-gandhaś-ceti.
{4} and mixed smell.

38. Eleven Tangibles

Ekādaśa spraṣṭavyāni,
There are eleven tangibles,

{1} pthvy-
{1} solid,

{2} āpas-
{2} fluid,

{3} tejo,
{3} fiery,

{4} vāyuḥ,
{4} windy,

{5} ślakṣṇatvaṁ,
{5} smooth,

{6} karkaśatvaṁ,
{6} rough,

{7} laghutvaṁ,
{7} light,

{8} gurutvaṁ,
{8} heavy,

{9} śītaṁ,
{9} cool,

{10} jighatsā,
{10} hunger,

{11} pipāsā ceti.
{11} and thirst.

39. Five Great Elements

Pañca mahā-bhūtāni,
There are five great elements,

{1} pthvy-
{1} earth,

{2} āpas-
{2} water,

{3} tejo
{3} fire,

{4} vāyur-
{4} wind,

{5} ākāśa-ceti.
{5} and space.

40. Five Qualities

Pañca bhautikāni,
There are five qualities,

{1} rūpaṁ,
{1} form,

{2} śabdo,
{2} sound,

{3} gandho,
{3} smell,

{4} rasaḥ,
{4} taste,

{5} sparśaś-ceti.
{5} and tangible.