7. Sucaritavarga
The Chapter about Good Conduct
(12 Verses)
[169 ≈ Dhp 231]
[adm.]
Kāyapradoṣaṁ rakṣeta, syāt kāyena susaṁvṛtaḥ,
One should guard against a bodily fault, one should be bodily well-restrained,
kāyaduścaritaṁ hitvā, kāyena sukṛtaṁ caret. 7.1
abandoning wrong bodily conduct, one should practice good bodily conduct.
Kāya-pradoṣam (m. acc. sg.) a bodily fault; rakṣeta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should guard; syāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should be; kāyena (m. inst. sg.) bodily; su-saṁvṛtaḥ (m. nom. sg.) well-restrained; kāya-duś-caritam (n. acc. sg.) wrong bodily conduct; hitvā (abs.) abandoning; kāyena (m. inst. sg.) bodily; su-kṛtam (n. acc. sg.) good deeds; caret (3rd. sg. opt.) one should practice.
Kāyappakopaṁ rakkheyya, kāyena saṁvuto siyā,
One should guard against bodily irritation, one should be bodily well-restrained,
kāyaduccaritaṁ hitvā, kāyena sucaritaṁ care.
abandoning wrong bodily conduct, one should practice good bodily conduct.
[170 ≈ Dhp 232]
[adm.]
Vācaḥ pradoṣaṁ rakṣeta, vacasā saṁvṛto bhavet,
One should guard against a verbal fault, one should be restrained verbally,
vāco duścaritaṁ hitvā, vācā sucaritaṁ caret. 7.2
abandoning wrong verbal conduct, one should practice good verbal conduct.
Vācaḥ (n. gen. sg.) verbal; pradoṣam (m. acc. sg.) a fault; rakṣeta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should guard; vacasā (n. inst. sg.) verbally; saṁvṛtaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) restrained; bhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) one should be; vācaḥ (n. gen. sg.) verbal; duś-caritam (n. acc. sg.) wrong conduct; hitvā (abs.) abandoning; vācā (n. inst. sg.) verbally; su-caritam (n. acc. sg.) good conduct; caret (3rd. sg. opt.) one should practice.
Vacīpakopaṁ rakkheyya, vācāya saṁvuto siyā,
One should guard against verbal irritation, one should be restrained verbally,
vacīduccaritaṁ hitvā, vācāya sucaritaṁ care.
abandoning wrong verbal conduct, one should have good verbal conduct.
[171 ≈ Dhp 233]
[adm.]
Manaḥpradoṣaṁ rakṣeta manasā saṁvṛto bhavet,
One should guard against a mental fault, one should be restrained mentally,
manoduścaritaṁ hitvā manaḥsucaritaṁ caret. 7.3
abandoning wrong mental conduct, one should have good mental conduct.
Manaḥ-pradoṣam (m. acc. sg.) a mental fault; rakṣeta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should guard; manasā (n. inst. sg.) mental; saṁvṛtaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) restrained; bhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) one should be; mano-duś-caritam (n. acc. sg.) wrong mental conduct; hitvā (abs.) abandoning; manaḥ-su-caritam (n. acc. sg.) good mental conduct; caret (3rd. sg. opt.) one should practice.
Manopakopaṁ rakkheyya, manasā saṁvuto siyā,
One should guard against mental irritation, one should be restrained mentally,
manoduccaritaṁ hitvā, manasā sucaritaṁ care.
abandoning wrong mental conduct, one should have good mental conduct.
[172-173 ≈ Iti 83:4-5]
[adm.]
Kāyaduścaritaṁ hitvā, vacoduścaritāni ca,
Abandoning wrong bodily conduct, and also wrong verbal conduct,
manoduścaritaṁ hitvā, yac cānyad doṣasaṁhitaṁ, 7.4
abandoning wrong mental conduct, and whatever else is connected with faults,
Kāya-duś-caritam (n. acc. sg.) wrong bodily conduct; hitvā (abs.) abandoning; vaco-duś-caritāni (n. acc. pl.) wrong verbal conduct; ca (indec.) and; mano-duś-caritam (n. acc. sg.) wrong mental conduct; hitvā (abs.) abandoning; yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) whatever; ca (indec.) and; anyat (nom. sg. n.) else; doṣa-saṁhitam (nom. sg. n.) connected with faults.
kāyena kuśalaṁ kuryād, vacasā kuśalaṁ bahu,
one should make merit with the body, and much merit with speech,
manasā kuśalaṁ kuryād, apramāṇaṁ niraupadhim. 7.5
one should make merit with the mind, one becomes Sanskrit and Pāḷi verse very often omit an implied bhavati/hoti, as here, where we must understand bhavati apramāṇaṁ niraupadhim. immeasurable, free from adherence.
Kāyena (m. inst. sg.) with the body; kuśalam (n. acc. coll. sg.) merit; kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should make; vacasā (n. inst. sg.) with speech; kuśalam (n. acc. coll. sg.) merit; bahu (n. acc. sg.) much; manasā (n. inst. sg.) with the mind; kuśalam (n. acc. coll. sg.) merit; kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should make; a-pramāṇam (m. nom. sg.) immeasurable; nir-aupadhim (m. acc. sg.) free from adherence.
Kāyaduccaritaṁ hitvā, vacīduccaritāni ca,
Abandoning wrong bodily conduct, and also wrong verbal conduct,
manoduccaritaṁ hitvā, yañ-caññaṁ dosasaṁhitaṁ.
abandoning wrong mental conduct, and whatever else is connected with faults,
kāyena kusalaṁ katvā, vācāya kusalaṁ bahuṁ,
having made merit with the body, and much merit with speech,
manasā kusalaṁ katvā, appamāṇaṁ nirūpadhiṁ.
having made merit mentally, one becomes immeasurable, free from adherence.
[174]
[stm.]
Kāyena kuśalaṁ kṛtvā, vacasā cetasāpi ca,
Having made merit with the body, with speech and with the mind,
iha cātha paratrāsau sukhaṁ samadhigacchati. 7.6
then here and in the next world that one attains happiness.
Kāyena (m. inst. sg.) with the body; kuśalam (n. acc. coll. sg.) merit; kṛtvā (abs.) having made; vacasā (n. inst. sg.) with speech; cetasā (n. inst. sg.) with the mind; api (indec.) and; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; ca (indec.) and; atha (indec.) then; paratra (indec.) in the next world; asau (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; sukham (n. acc. coll. sg.) happiness; samadhigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) attains.
[175 ≈ Dhp 225]
[stm.]
Ahiṁsakā vai munayo, nityaṁ kāyena saṁvṛtāḥ,
Indeed, those non-violent sages, constantly restrained bodily,
te yānti hy acyutaṁ sthānaṁ, yatra gatvā na śocati. 7.7
go to the undying state, where, having gone, one does not grieve.
A-hiṁsakāḥ (m. nom. pl.) non-violent; vai (indec.) indeed; munayaḥ (m. nom. pl.) the sages; nityam (indec.) constantly; kāyena (m. inst. sg.) bodily; saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl. pp.) restrained; te (m. nom. pl. pers. pron.) they; yānti (3rd. pl. pres.) they go; hy (separator); a-cyutam (n. acc. sg.) undying; sthānam (n. acc. sg.) state; yatra (indec.) where; gatvā (abs.) having gone; na (indec.) not; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves.
Ahiṁsakā ye munayo, niccaṁ kāyena saṁvutā,
Those who are non-violent sages, constantly restrained bodily,
te yanti accutaṁ ṭhānaṁ, yattha gantvā na socare.
go to the undying state, where, having gone, they do not grieve.
[176 cf. Dhp 225 above]
[stm.]
Ahiṁsakā vai munayo, nityaṁ vācā susaṁvṛtāḥ,
Indeed, those non-violent sages, constantly restrained verbally, These two verses (176-177) are variants on the single verse known to the Pāḷi sources.
te yānti hy acyutaṁ sthānaṁ, yatra gatvā na śocati. 7.8
go to the undying state, where, having gone, one does not grieve.
A-hiṁsakāḥ (m. nom. pl.) non-violent; vai (indec.) indeed; munayaḥ (m. nom. pl.) the sages; nityam (indec.) constantly; vācā (f. inst. sg.) verbally; saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl. pp.) restrained; te (m. nom. pl. pers. pron.) they; yānti (3rd. pl. pres.) they go; hy (separator); a-cyutam (n. acc. sg.) undying; sthānam (n. acc. sg.) state; yatra (indec.) where; gatvā (abs.) having gone; na (indec.) not; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves.
[177 cf. Dhp 225 above]
[stm.]
Ahiṁsakā vai munayo, manasā nityasaṁvṛtāḥ,
Indeed, those non-violent sages, constantly restrained mentally,
te yānti hy acyutaṁ sthānaṁ, yatra gatvā na śocati. 7.9
go to the undying state, where, having gone, one does not grieve.
A-hiṁsakāḥ (m. nom. pl.) non-violent; vai (indec.) indeed; munayaḥ (m. nom. pl.) the sages; nityam (indec.) constantly; manasā (m. inst. sg.) mentally; saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl. pp.) restrained; te (m. nom. pl. pers. pron.) they; yānti (3rd. pl. pres.) they go; hy (separator); a-cyutam (n. acc. sg.) undying; sthānam (n. acc. sg.) state; yatra (indec.) where; gatvā (abs.) having gone; na (indec.) not; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves.
[179 ≈ Dhp 234a-c; Dhp 225c-d]
[stm.]
Kāyena saṁvṛtā dhīrā, dhīrā vācā susaṁvṛtāḥ,
The steadfast are restrained bodily, the steadfast are well-restrained verbally,
manasā saṁvṛtā dhīrā, dhīrāḥ sarvatra saṁvṛtāḥ,
the steadfast are restrained mentally, the steadfast are well-restrained in every way,
te yānti hy acyutaṁ sthānaṁ yatra gatvā na śocati. 7.10
they go to the undying state, where, having gone, one does not grieve.
Kāyena (m. inst. sg.) bodily; saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl. pp.) restrained; dhīrāḥ (m. nom. pl.) the steadfast; vācā (f. inst. sg.) verbally; su-saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl.) well-restrained; manasā (n. inst. sg.) mentally; saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl. pp.) restrained; dhīrāḥ (m. nom. pl.) the steadfast ones; sarvatra (indec.) in every way; saṁvṛtāḥ (m. nom. pl. pp.) restrained; te (m. nom. pl. pers. pron.) they; yānti (3rd. pl. pres.) they go; hy (separator); a-cyutam (n. acc. sg.) undying; sthānam (n. acc. sg.) state; yatra (indec.) where; gatvā (abs.) having gone; na (indec.) not; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves.
Kāyena saṁvutā dhīrā, atho vācāya saṁvutā,
The steadfast are restrained bodily, they are restrained verbally,
manasā saṁvutā dhīrā, te ve suparisaṁvutā.
the steadfast are restrained mentally, they are indeed well-restrained.
————
te yanti accutaṁ ṭhānaṁ, yattha gantvā na socare.
they go to the undying state, where, having gone, one does not grieve.
[179]
[stm.]
Kāyena saṁvaraḥ sādhu, sādhu vācā ca saṁvaraḥ,
Bodily restraint is good, good is verbal restraint,
manasā saṁvaraḥ sādhu, sādhu sarvatra saṁvaraḥ,
mental restraint is good, restraint is good in every way,
sarvatra saṁvṛto bhikṣuḥ sarvaduḥkhāt pramucyate. 7.11
a monastic who is restrained in every way is freed from all suffering.
Kāyena (m. inst. sg.) bodily; saṁvaraḥ (m. nom. sg.) restraint; sādhu (indec.) good; vācā (f. inst. sg.) verbal; ca (indec.) and; saṁvaraḥ (m. nom. sg.) restraint; sādhu (indec.) good; manasā (n. inst. sg.) mental; saṁvaraḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) restraint; sādhu (indec.) good; sādhu (indec.) good; sarvatra (indec.) in every way; saṁvaraḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) restraint; sarvatra (indec.) in every way; saṁvṛtaḥ (m. nom. sg.) restraint; bhikṣuḥ (m. nom. sg.) a monastic; sarva-duḥkhāt (n. abl. coll. sg.) from all suffering; pramucyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) is freed.
Kāyena saṁvaro sādhu, sādhu vācāya saṁvaro,
Bodily restraint is good, good is verbal restraint,
manasā saṁvaro sādhu, sādhu sabbattha saṁvaro,
mental restraint is good, restraint is good in every way,
sabbattha saṁvuto bhikkhu sabbadukkhā pamuccati.
a monastic who is restrained in every way is freed from all suffering.
[180 ≈ Dhp 281]
[adm.]
Vācānurakṣī manasā susaṁvṛtaḥ, kāyena caivākuśalaṁ na kuryāt,
The one verbally guarded, mentally well-restrained, should do no demerit with the body,
etāṁ śubhāṁ karmapathāṁ viśodhayann, ārādhayen mārgam ṛṣipraveditam. 7.12
purifying these beautiful paths of action, one should accomplish the path shown by the seers.
Vācā-anurakṣī (m. nom. sg.) verbally guarded; manasā (n. inst. sg.) mentally; su-saṁvṛtaḥ (m. nom. sg.) well-restrained; kāyena (m. inst. sg.) with the body; ca (indec.) and; eva (indec.) indeed; a-kuśalam (n. acc. coll. sg.) demerit; na (indec.) not; kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should do; etām (m. acc. pl. dem. pron.) these; śubhām (m. acc. pl.) beautiful; karma-pathām (m. acc. pl.) paths of action; viśodhayan (m. nom. sg. prp.) purifying; ārādhayet (3rd. sg. opt.) one should accomplish; mārgam (m. acc. sg.) the path; ṛṣi-praveditam (m. acc. sg.) shown by the seers.
Vācānurakkhī manasā susaṁvuto, kāyena ca akusalaṁ na kayirā,
The one verbally guarded, mentally well-restrained, with the body should do no demerit,
ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye, ārādhaye maggaṁ isippaveditaṁ.
purifying these three paths of action, he should accomplish the path shown by the seers.
Sucaritavargaḥ, 7.
The Chapter about Good Conduct, the Seventh