19. Aśvavarga
The Chapter about Horses
(26 Verses)
[395 cf. Dhp 144]
[adm. + sim.]
Bhadro yathāśvaḥ kaśayābhispṛṣṭa, hy ātāpinaḥ saṁvijitāś careta,
Like a good horse touched by a whip, one should live ardent and urgent,
śrāddhas tathā śīlaguṇair upetaḥ, samāhito dharmaviniścayajñaḥ,
likewise a faithful person, endowed with virtuous attributes, composed and knowing the investigation of phenomena,
jitendriyaḥ kṣāntibalair upeto, jahāti sarvāṁ sa bhavān aśeṣān. 19.1
having conquered the faculties, endowed with the strength of forbearance, abandons all these existences without remainder.
Bhadraḥ (m. nom. sg.) good; yathā (indec.) just as; aśvaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a horse; kaśayā (f. inst. sg.) by a whip; abhispṛṣṭaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) touched; hy (separator); ātāpī (m. nom. sg.) ardent; saṁvijita (m. nom. sg.) urgent; careta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should live; śrāddhaḥ (m. nom. sg.) faithful; tathā (indec.) likewise; śīla-guṇaiḥ (m. inst. pl.) with virtuous attributes; upetaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) endowed; samāhitaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) composed; dharma-viniścaya-jñaḥ (m. nom. sg.) knowing the investigation of phenomena; jita-indriyaḥ (m. nom. sg.) one who has conquered the faculties; kṣānti-balaiḥ (n. inst. pl.) with the strength of forbearance; upetaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) endowed; jahāti (3rd. sg. pres.) abandons; sarvān (m. acc. pl.) all; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; bhavān (m. acc. pl.) existences; a-śeṣān (m. acc. pl.) without remainder.
Asso yathā bhadro kasāniviṭṭho, ātāpino saṁvegino bhavātha,
Like a good horse restrained by a whip, you should be ardent and urgent,
saddhāya sīlena ca vīriyena ca, samādhinā Dhammavinicchayena ca.
having faith, virtue, energy, concentration and investigation into phenomena.
Sampannavijjācaraṇā patissatā, pahassatha dukkham-idaṁ anappakaṁ.
One endowed with understanding, good conduct and mindfulness, must abandon this not insignificant suffering.
[396 ≈ Dhp 144]
[adm. + sim.]
Bhadro yathāśvaḥ kaśayābhitāḍita, hy ātāpinaḥ saṁvijitāś careta,
Like a good horse touched by a whip, one should live ardent and urgent,
śrāddhas tathā śīlaguṇair upetaḥ, samāhito dharmaviniścayajñaḥ,
likewise a faithful person, endowed with virtuous attributes, composed and knowing the investigation of phenomena,
saṁpannavidyācaraṇaḥ pratismṛtas, tāyī sa sarvaṁ prajahāti duḥkham. 19.2
one endowed with understanding and good conduct, mindful, such a one abandons all suffering.
Bhadraḥ (m. nom. sg.) good; yathā (indec.) just as; aśvaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a horse; kaśayā (f. inst. sg.) by a whip; abhispṛṣṭaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) touched; hy (separator); ātāpī (m. nom. sg.) ardent; saṁvijita (m. nom. sg.) urgent; careta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should live; śrāddhaḥ (m. nom. sg.) faithful; tathā (indec.) likewise; śīla-guṇaiḥ (m. inst. pl.) by virtuous attributes; upetaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) endowed; samāhitaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) composed; dharma-viniścaya-jñaḥ (m. nom. sg.) knowing the investigation of phenomena; saṁpanna-vidyā-caraṇaḥ (m. nom. sg.) one endowed with understanding and good conduct; pratismṛtaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) mindful; tāyī (m. nom. sg.) such a one; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; sarvam (n. acc. sg.) all; prajahāti (3rd. sg. pres.) abandons; duḥkham (n. acc. coll. sg.) suffering.
Asso yathā bhadro kasāniviṭṭho, ātāpino saṁvegino bhavātha,
Like a good horse restrained by a whip, you should be ardent and urgent,
saddhāya sīlena ca vīriyena ca, samādhinā Dhammavinicchayena ca.
having faith, virtue, energy, concentration and investigation into the Dhamma.
Sampannavijjācaraṇā patissatā, pahassatha dukkham-idaṁ anappakaṁ.
One endowed with understanding, good conduct and mindfulness, must abandon this not insignificant suffering.
[397 ≈ Dhp 94]
[stm. + sim.]
Yasyendriyāṇi samatāṁ gatāni, aśvo yathā sārathinā sudāntaḥ,
For the one whose sense faculties have become stilled, like a horse well-trained by its groom,
prahīṇadoṣāya nirāsravāya – Devāpi tasmai spṛhayanti nityam. 19.3
for one who has abandoned all faults, without pollutants – even the Devas constantly envy him.
Yasya (m. gen. sg. rel. pron.) for whom; indriyāṇi (n. nom. pl.) the sense faculties; samatām (f. acc. sg.) stilled; gatāni (n. nom. pl. pp.) have gone; aśvaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a horse; yathā (indec.) just as; sārathinā (m. inst. sg.) by a groom; su-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) well-trained; prahīṇa (m. nom. sg. pp.) abandoned; doṣāya (m. dat. sg.) to faults; nir-āsravāya (m. dat. sg.) without pollutants; Devāḥ (m. nom. pl.) the gods; api (indec.) even; tasmai (m. dat. sg. dem. pron.) for that one; spṛhayanti (3rd. pl. pres.) they envy; nityam (indec.) constantly.
Yassindriyāni samathaṁ gatāni, assā yathā sārathinā sudantā,
For the one whose senses have become stilled, like horses well-trained by their groom,
pahīnamānassa anāsavassa – Devā pi tassa pihayanti tādino.
for one who has abandoned all conceit, without pollutants – even the Devas envy such a one.
[398 ≈ Dhp 29]
[stm. + sim.]
Apramattaḥ pramatteṣu, supteṣu bahujāgaraḥ,
The heedful one amongst the heedless ones, the wakeful one amongst the ones who sleep,
abalāśva iva bhadrāśvaṁ hitvā yāti sumedhasam. 19.4
the intelligent one moves like a good horse leaving behind a weak horse.
A-pramattaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) the heedful one; pramatteṣu (m. loc. pl. pp.) among the heedless; supteṣu (m. loc. pl. pp.) amongst the ones who sleep; bahu-jāgaraḥ (m. nom. sg.) the very wakeful one; a-bala-aśvaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a weak horse; iva (indec.) like; bhadra-aśvam (m. acc. sg.) a good horse; hitvā (abs.) leaving behind; yāti (3rd. sg. pres.) moves; su-medhasam (m. acc. sg.) the intelligent one.
Appamatto pamattesu, suttesu bahujāgaro,
The heedful one amongst the heedless ones, the wakeful one amongst the ones who sleep,
abalassaṁ va sīghasso hitvā yāti sumedhaso.
the intelligent one moves like a swift horse leaving behind a weak horse.
[399 cf. Dhp 143]
[stm. + sim.]
Hrīniṣevī hi puruṣaḥ, prājño yaḥ susamāhitaḥ,
The one who, restrained by conscience, is wise and well-composed,
sarvapāpaṁ jahāty eṣa, bhadrāśvo hi kaśām iva. 19.5
abandons all wrong, is like a good horse that abandons the whip. This is a difficult simile in the way it is presented. Normally the verb has to work twice in these similes, so here we have abandons the whip. What I understand that to mean it the good horse has no need of a whip (that indeed is what makes him good). The Pāḷi parallel, though opposite in mood, is better expressed I feel.
Hrī-niṣevī (m. nom. sg.) restrained by conscience; hi (metrical filler); puruṣaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a person; prājñaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the wise one; yaḥ (m. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; su-samāhitaḥ (m. nom. sg.) well-composed; sarvam (n. acc. sg.) all; pāpam (n. acc. sg.) wrong; jahāti (3rd. sg. pres.) abandons; eṣaḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) this; bhadra-aśvaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a good horse; hi (metrical filler); kaśām (f. acc. sg.) a whip; iva (indec.) like.
Hirīnisedho puriso koci lokasmi’ vijjati,
The one who, restrained by conscience, is found in the world,
yo nindaṁ appabodhati, asso bhadro kasām-iva.
he who awakens to his fault, is like a good horse that awakens at the whip.
[400 ≈ Dhp 321]
[stm. + ana.]
Dānto vai samitiṁ yāti, dāntaṁ rājādhirohati,
One trained goes into a crowd, The idea is that a well-trained horse is reliable and safe enough to be taken into a crowded, potentially chaotic, place. Although a horse is not explicitly stated, it can be inferred from the context. a king mounts a trained one,
dāntaḥ śreṣṭho manuṣyāṇāṁ, yo ’tivākyaṁ titīkṣati. 19.6
amongst humans one trained is best, the one who can endure abuse.
Dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) one trained; vai (indec.) indeed; samitim (f. acc. sg.) a crowd; yāti (3rd. sg. pres.) goes; dāntam (m. acc. sg. pp.) a tamed one; rājā (m. nom. sg.) a king; adhirohati (3rd. sg. pres.) mounts; dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) a trained one; śreṣṭhaḥ (m. nom. sg.) best; manuṣyāṇām (m. gen. pl.) among humans; yaḥ (m. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ativākyam (n. acc. sg.) abuse; titīkṣati (3rd. sg. pres.) endures.
Dantaṁ nayanti samitiṁ, dantaṁ rājābhirūhati,
One trained is lead into a crowd, a king mounts a trained one,
danto seṭṭho manussesu, yotivākyaṁ titikkhati.
amongst humans one trained is best, the one who can endure abuse.
[401.i ≈ Dhp 322]
[stm. + ana.]
Yo hy aśvaṁ damayej jānyam ājāneyaṁ ca Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a horse, an ordinary horse, a thoroughbred horse, and a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmā dāntas tato varam. 19.7.i
or a great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yaḥ (m. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; hi (indec.) indeed; aśvam (m. acc. sg.) a horse; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; jānyam (m. acc. sg.) ordinary; ājāneyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; ca (indec.) and; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātmā (m. nom. sg.) himself; dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) trained; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) varjayate (3rd. sg. pres. mid.) he avoids.
Varam-assatarā dantā, ājānīyā ca Sindhavā,
Noble are the trained mules, thoroughbred horses, and horses from Sindh,
kuñjarā ca mahānāgā – attadanto tato varaṁ.
and the great tusker elephants The words denoting animals in Sanskrit are singular, but plural in the Pāḷi. – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
[401.ii cf, above]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, or a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.7.ii This verse recurs at 19.8A, 19.8C, 19.9A, 19.10A, 19.11A and 19.11C below.
or a great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-trained; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[402.i ≈ Dhp 323]
[stm.]
Na hy asau tena yānena tāṁ bhūmim adhigacchati,
Not by a vehicle does one reach that place,
ātmanā hi sudāntena, kṣipraṁ śāntiṁ nigacchati. 19.8.i
through training oneself well, one swiftly attains peace.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); asau (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; adhigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) reaches; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) by the self; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; kṣipram (n. acc. sg. adj.–>adv.) swiftly; śāntim (f. acc. sg.) peace; nigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) one attains.
Na hi etehi yānehi gaccheyya agataṁ disaṁ,
Not by vehicles can one go to the place not reached, I.e. Nibbāna.
yathattanā sudantena, danto dantena gacchati.
the trained one, through training oneself well, goes according to the training.
[402.ii cf. above]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle can one attain to that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, dānto dāntena gacchati. 19.8.ii
through training oneself well, the trained one goes according to the training.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; yām (f. acc. sg. rel. pron.) which; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) the trained one; dāntena (m. inst. sg. pp.) according to the training; gacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) goes.
[403 cf. Dhp 322 above]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, and a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.8A (=19.7.ii)
or a great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-tamed; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[404 cf. Dhp 323 above]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle does one attain that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, bhave duḥkhasya pāragaḥ. 19.8B
through training oneself well, that one has crossed over the suffering in existence.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; yām (f. acc. sg. rel. pron.) which; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; bhave (m. loc. sg.) in existence; duḥkhasya (n. gen. coll. sg.) of suffering; pāragaḥ (m. nom. sg.) one who has crossed over.
[405 cf. Dhp 322 above]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, or a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.8C (=19.7.ii)
or the great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-tamed; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[406.i Until the final verse of this chapter all verses are variations on Uv 401.i-ii & 402.i-ii. ]
[stm.]
Na hy asau tena yānena tāṁ bhūmim adhigacchati,
Not by a vehicle does one reach that place,
ātmanā hi sudāntena, sarvās tyajati durgatīḥ. 19.9.i
through training oneself well, one gives up all bad destinations.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); asau (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; adhigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) reaches; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarvāḥ (f. acc. pl.) all; tyajati (3rd. sg. pres.) gives up; dur-gatīḥ (f. acc. pl.) bad destinations.
[406.ii]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle does one attain that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, sarvāṁ tyajati durgatīḥ. 19.9.ii
through training oneself well, one gives up bad destinations entirely.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; yām (f. acc. sg. rel. pron.) which; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarvāḥ (f. acc. pl.) all; tyajati (3rd. sg. pres.) gives up; dur-gatīḥ (f. acc. pl.) bad destinations.
[407]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, or a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.9A (=19.7.ii)
or the great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-tamed; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[408.i]
[stm.]
Na hy asau tena yānena tāṁ bhūmim adhigacchati,
Not by a vehicle does one reach that place,
ātmanā hi sudāntena, sarvāṁ chinatti bandhanam. 19.10
through training oneself well, one cuts off all bonds.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); asau (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; adhigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) reaches; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarvām (n. acc. sg.) all; entire; chinatti (3rd. sg. pres.) cuts off; bandhanam (n. acc. coll. sg.) bonds.
[408.ii]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle does one attain that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, sarvāṁ chindati bandhanam. 19.10
through training oneself well, one cuts off all bonds.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarvām (n. acc. sg.) all; entire; chindati (3rd. sg. pres.) severs; bandhanam (n. acc. coll. sg.) bonds.
[409]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, or a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.10A (=19.7.ii)
or a great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-tamed; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[410.i]
[stm.]
Na hy asau tena yānena tāṁ bhūmim adhigacchati,
Not by a vehicle does that one reach that place,
ātmanā hi sudāntena, sarvaduḥkhāt pramucyate. 19.11
through training oneself well, one is freed from all suffering.
>Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); asau (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; adhigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) reaches; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarva-duḥkhāt (n. abl. coll. sg.) from all suffering; pramucyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) is freed.
[410.ii]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle does one attain that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, sarvaduḥkhāt pramucyate. 19.11
through training oneself well, one is freed from all suffering.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; yām (f. acc. sg. rel. pron.) which; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarva-duḥkhāt (n. abl. coll. sg.) from all suffering; pramucyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) is freed.
[411]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, or a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.11A (=19.7.ii)
or the great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-tamed; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[412]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle does one attain that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, sarvāṁ jahāti saṁpadam. 19.11B
through training oneself well, one abandons all (wordly) success. Sampada has the principal meanings: prosperity, success, wealth.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; yām (f. acc. sg. rel. pron.) which; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; sarvām (f. acc. sg.) all; jahāti (3rd. sg. pres.) abandons; saṁpadam (f. acc. sg.) (wordly) success.
[413]
[stm. + ana.]
Yac cehāśvataraṁ damayed ājanyaṁ vāpi Saindhavam,
There is the one who might train a mule, a thoroughbred horse, or a horse from Sindh,
kuñjaraṁ vā mahānāgam – ātmadāntas tato varam. 19.11C (=19.7.ii)
or the great tusker elephant – more noble than that is the one who trained himself.
Yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; ca (indec.) and; iha (indec.) here; aśvataram (m. acc. sg.) a mule; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) might train; ājanyam (m. acc. sg.) thoroughbred; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; Saindhavam (m. acc. sg.) originating from Sindh; kuñjaram (m. acc. sg.) an elephant; vā (indec.) or; mahā-nāgam (m. acc. sg.) a great elephant; ātma-dāntaḥ (m. nom. sg.) self-tamed; tataḥ (indec.) than that; varam (n. nom. sg.) nobler.
[414.i]
[stm.]
Na hy asau tena yānena tāṁ bhūmim adhigacchati,
Not by a vehicle does one reach that place,
ātmanā hi sudāntena, Nirvāṇasyaiva so ’ntike. 19.12
through training oneself well, that one is indeed in the presence of Nirvāṇa.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); asau (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; adhigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) reaches; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; Nirvāṇasya (n. gen. sg.) of Nirvāṇa; eva (indec.) indeed; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; antike (n. loc. sg.) in the presence.
[414.ii]
[stm.]
Na hi tena sa yānena tāṁ bhūmim abhisaṁbhavet,
Not by a vehicle does one attain that place,
yām ātmanā sudāntena, Nirvāṇasyaiva so ’ntike. 19.12
through training oneself well, that one is indeed in the presence of Nirvāṇa.
Na (indec.) not; hy (separator); tena (n. inst. sg. dem. pron.) by that; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; yānena (n. inst. sg.) by a vehicle; tām (f. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; bhūmim (f. acc. sg.) place; abhisaṁbhavet (3rd. sg. opt.) can attain; yām (f. acc. sg. rel. pron.) which; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; Nirvāṇasya (n. gen. sg.) of Nirvāṇa; eva (indec.) indeed; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; antike (n. loc. sg.) in the presence.
[415]
[stm. + sim.]
Ātmānam eva damayed, bhadrāśvam iva sārathiḥ,
One should train oneself, like a groom a good horse,
ātmanā hi sudāntena, smṛtimāṁ duḥkhapāragaḥ. 19.13
through training oneself well, mindfully one will cross over suffering.
Ātmānam (m. acc. sg.) oneself; eva (indec.) indeed; damayet (3rd. sg. opt.) should train; bhadra-aśvam (m. acc. sg.) a good horse; iva (indec.) like; sārathiḥ (m. nom. sg.) a groom; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) through oneself; hi (metrical filler); su-dāntena (m. inst. sg.) through training well; smṛtimān (m. nom. sg. adj.–>adv.) mindfully; duḥkha-pāragaḥ (m. nom. sg.) one who has crossed over suffering.
[416 ≈ Dhp 380]
[stm. + sim.]
Ātmaiva hy ātmano nāthaḥ, ātmā śaraṇam ātmanaḥ,
For the self is the protector of self, the self is the self’s refuge,
tasmāt saṁyamayātmānaṁ, bhadrāśvam iva sārathiḥ. 19.14
therefore one must restrain oneself, as a groom a good horse.
Ātmā (m. nom. sg.) the self; eva (indec.) indeed; hi (indec.) for; ātmanaḥ (m. gen. sg.) of oneself; (m. nom. sg.) protector; ātmā (m. nom. sg.) the self; śaraṇam (n. nom. sg.) refuge; ātmanaḥ (m. gen. sg.) of oneself; tasmāt (indec.) therefore; saṁyamaya (2nd. sg. imp.) one must restrain; ātmānam (m. acc. sg.) oneself; bhadra-aśvam (m. acc. sg.) a good horse; iva (indec.) like; sārathiḥ (m. nom. sg.) a groom.
Attā hi attano nātho, attā hi attano gati,
For the self is the protector of self, the self is the self’s destination, Meaning, that the actions one does determine one’s destination.
tasmā saṁyamayattānaṁ, assaṁ bhadraṁ va vāṇijo.
therefore one must restrain oneself, as a merchant restrains a good horse.
Aśvavargaḥ, 19
The Chapter about Horses, the Nineteenth