28. Pāpavarga
The Chapter about Wrong There is no word in English that can adequately translate pāpa in every context. Depending on where it is used, and its declension, it means wickedness, wrong, demerit, worse.
(40 Verses)
[651 ≈ Dhp 183]
[stm.]
Sarvapāpasyākaraṇaṁ, kuśalasyopasaṁpadaḥ,
The non-doing of anything wrong, the undertaking of what is good,
svacittaparyavadanam – etad Buddhasya śāsanam. 28.1
the purification of one’s own mind – this is the teaching of the Buddha.
Sarva-pāpasya-a-karaṇam (n. nom. sg.) the non-doing of wrong; kuśalasya-upasaṁpadaḥ (f. nom. sg.) the undertaking of the good; sva-citta-parya-vadanam (n. nom. sg.) the purification of one’s own mind; etad (n. nom. sg. dem. pron.) this; Buddhasya (m. gen. sg.) of the Buddha; śāsanam (n. nom. sg.) the teaching.
Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṁ, kusalassa upasampadā,
The non-doing of anything wrong, the undertaking of what is good,
sacittapariyodapanaṁ, etaṁ Buddhāna’ sāsanaṁ.
the purification of one’s mind, this is the teaching of the Buddhas. The verses are the same in the two texts, apart from the Pāḷi attributing this teaching to all Buddhas. An alternate reading of the Pāḷi is etaṁ Buddhānusāsanaṁ, this is the advice of the Buddha, which, if we took it, would make the verses equivalent.
[652 ≈ Ud 8.5:6]
[stm.]
Dadataḥ puṇyaṁ pravardhate, vairaṁ na kriyate ca saṁyamāt.
For the one who gives, merit is increased, from restraint hatred is not created.
Kuśalī prajahāti pāpakaṁ, rāgadoṣamohakṣayāt tu nirvṛtiḥ. 28.2
The skilful one abandons wrong, but there is emancipation from the destruction of passion, hatred, and delusion.
Dadataḥ (m. gen. sg.) for the giving one; puṇyam (n. nom. sg.) merit; pravardhate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) is increased; vairam (n. nom. sg.) hatred; na (indec.) not; kriyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.–>act.) one creates; ca (indec.) and; saṁyamāt (m. abl. sg.) from restraint; kuśalī (m. nom. sg.) the skilful one; prajahāti (3rd. sg. pres.) abandons; pāpakam (n. acc. sg.) wrong; rāga-doṣa-moha-kṣayāt (m. abl. sg.) from the destruction of passion, hatred and delusion; tu (indec.) but; nirvṛtiḥ (f. nom. sg. pp.) emancipation.
Dadato puññaṁ pavaḍḍhati, saññamato veraṁ na cīyati.
For the one who gives, merit is increased, from restraint hatred is not accumulated.
Kusalo ca jahāti pāpakaṁ, rāgadosamohakkhayā sa nibbuto.
The skilful one abandons wrong, one is emancipated Notice the difference between the abstract Uv: there is emancipation from… and the personal in the Pāḷi: one is emancipated from. from the destruction of passion, hatred, and delusion.
[653 ≈ Ud 8.7:1]
[stm. + sim.]
Sārdhaṁ carann, ekakaḥ sadā miśro hy anyajanena Vedakaḥ,
Though wandering together and mixing with other people, the Perfect One is always alone,
kuśalī prajahāti pāpakaṁ, krauñcaḥ kṣīrapako yathodakam. 28.3
the skilful one abandons what is wrong, just as the milk-drinking heron abandons water.
Sārdham (indec.) together; caram (m. nom. sg. prp.) wandering; ekakaḥ (m. nom. sg.) alone; sadā (indec.) always; miśraḥ (m. nom. sg.) mixing; hy (separator); anyajanena (m. inst. sg.) with other people; Vedakaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the Perfect One; kuśalī (m. nom. sg.) the skilful one; prajahāti (3rd. sg. pres.) abandons; pāpakam (n. acc. sg.) wrong; krauñcaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a heron; kṣīra-pakaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the milk-drinker; yathā (indec.) just as; udakam (n. acc. sg.) water.
Saddhiṁ caram-ekato vasaṁ misso aññajanena Vedagū,
Though wandering together and mixing with other people, the Perfect One is alone,
vidvā, pajahāti pāpakaṁ, koñco khīrapako va ninnagaṁ.
having understood (that), he abandons what is wrong, like the milk-drinking heron abandons water.
[654 ≈ Ud 5.6:1]
[stm.]
Dṛṣṭvā hy ādīnavaṁ loke, jñātvā dharmaniraupadhim,
Having seen the danger in the world, having known the state free from adherence,
āryo na ramate pāpe, pāpo na ramate śubhe. 28.4
the noble one does not delight in wrong, the wrong one does not delight in the good.
Dṛṣṭvā (abs.) having seen; hy (separator); ādīnavam (m. acc. sg.) danger; loke (m. loc. sg.) in the world; jñātvā (abs.) having known; dharma-nir-aupadhim (m. acc. sg.) the state free from adherence; āryaḥ (m. nom. sg.) noble one; na (indec.) not; ramate (3rd. sg. pres.) delights; pāpe (n. loc. sg.) in wrong; pāpaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a wrong one; na (indec.) not; ramate (3rd. sg. pres.) delights; śubhe (n. loc. sg.) in the good.
Disvā ādīnavaṁ loke, ñatvā dhammaṁ nirūpadhiṁ,
Having seen the danger in the world, having known the state free from adherence,
ariyo na ramatī pāpe, pāpe na ramatī sucī.
the noble one does not delight in wrong, the wrong one does not delight in purity.
[655 ≈ Dhp 205]
[stm.]
Pravivekarasaṁ jñātvā, rasaṁ copaśamasya vai,
Knowing the taste of solitude, and indeed the taste of peace,
nirjvaro bhavati niṣpāpo, Dharmaprītirasaṁ piban. 28.5
one is free from fever and wrong, imbibing the joyful taste of the Dharma.
Praviveka-rasam (m. acc. sg.) the taste of solitude; jñātvā (abs.) having known; rasam (m. acc. sg.) the taste; ca (indec.) and; upaśamasya (m. gen. sg.) of peace; vai (indec.) indeed; nir-jvaraḥ (m. nom. sg.) free from fever; bhavati (3rd. sg. pres.) is; niṣ-pāpaḥ (m. nom. sg.) free from wrong; Dharma-prīti-rasam (m. acc. sg.) the joyful taste of the Dharma; piban (m. nom. sg. prp.) imbibing.
Pavivekarasaṁ pitvā, rasaṁ upasamassa ca,
Having imbibed the taste of solitude, and the taste of peace,
niddaro hoti nippāpo, Dhammapītirasaṁ pivaṁ.
one is free from fear and wrong, imbibing the joyful taste of the Dhamma.
[656 ≈ Dhp 39]
[stm.]
Anavasrutacittasya, tv anunnahanacetasaḥ,
For the one with mind free of lust, whose mind is not smitten,
puṇyapāpaprahīṇasya, nāsti durgatito bhayam. 28.6
for the one who has abandoned merit and demerit, there is no fear from a bad destination.
An-avasruta-cittasya (m. gen. sg.) for the one with a mind free from lust; tv (separator); an-un-nahana-cetasaḥ (m. gen. sg.) for the one whose mind is not smitten; puṇya-pāpa-prahīṇasya (m. gen. sg.) for the one who has abandoned merit and demerit; na (indec.) not; asti (3rd. sg. pres.) there is; dur-gatitaḥ (f. abl. sg.) from a bad destination; bhayam (n. nom. sg.) fear.
Anavassutacittassa, ananvāhatacetaso,
For the one with mind free of lust, The Pāḷi commentary defines it this way: Anavassutacittassā ti rāgena atintacittassa, a mind not wet with passion. whose mind is not smitten, Pāḷi commentary: not smitten by faults (dosena).
puññapāpapahīnassa, natthi jāgarato bhayaṁ.
for the one who has abandoned merit and demerit, for the watchful, there is no fear.
[657 ≈ Dhp 76]
[adm.]
Niṣeddhāraṁ pravaktāraṁ yaj jāned vadyadarśinam,
One should know one who points out faults, who proclaims restraint,
nigṛhyavādinaṁ dhīraṁ tādṛśaṁ satataṁ bhajet,
one should always keep company with such a steadfast and restrained speaker,
tādṛśaṁ bhajamānasya śreyo bhavati na pāpakam. 28.7
for one keeping company with such a one it is better, not worse.
Niṣeddhāram (m. acc. sg.) restraint; pravaktāram (m. acc. sg.) a proclaimer; yat (n. acc. sg. rel. pron.) one who; jānet (3rd. sg. opt.) one should know; vadya-darśinam (m. acc. sg.) one who points out faults; nigṛhya-vādinam (m. acc. sg.) one whose speech is restrained; dhīram (m. acc. sg.) the steadfast one; tādṛśam (m. acc. sg.) such a one; satatam (indec.) always; bhajet (3rd. sg. opt.) one should associate with; tādṛśam (m. acc. sg.) such a one; bhajamānasya (m. gen. sg. prp.) of one who is associating; śreyaḥ (n. nom. sg.) better; bhavati (3rd. sg. pres.) is; na (indec.) not; pāpakam (n. nom. sg.) worse.
Nidhīnaṁ va pavattāraṁ yaṁ passe vajjadassinaṁ,
One should see one who shows your faults, like one who points out treasure,
niggayhavādiṁ medhāviṁ tādisaṁ paṇḍitaṁ bhaje,
one should keep company with such a wise, intelligent person,
tādisaṁ bhajamānassa seyyo hoti na pāpiyo.
for one keeping company with such a one it is better, not worse.
[658 ≈ Thag 2]
[stm. + sim.]
Upaśānto hy uparato, mandabhāṣī hy anuddhataḥ,
Calm, abstemious, speaking gently, not haughty,
dhunāti pāpakāṁ dharmāṁ, drumapatraṁ yathānilaḥ. 28.8
he shakes off wicked thoughts, like the wind shakes off the leaves of a tree.
Upaśāntaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) calmed; hy (separator); uparataḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) abstemious; manda-bhāṣī (m. nom. sg.) speaking gently; hy (separator); an-uddhataḥ (m. nom. sg.) not haughty; dhunāti (3rd. sg. pres.) shakes off; pāpakām (m. acc. pl.) wicked; dharmām (m. acc. pl.) thoughts; druma-patram (n. acc. coll. sg.) a tree’s leaves; yathā (indec.) just as; anilaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the wind.
Upasanto uparato, mantabhāṇī anuddhato,
Calm, abstemious, speaking wisely, not haughty,
dhunāti pāpake dhamme, dumapattaṁ va māluto.
he shakes off wicked thoughts, like a gale shakes off the leaves of a tree.
[659 ≈ Dhp 125]
[stm. + sim.]
Yo hy apraduṣṭasya narasya duṣyate, śuddhasya nityaṁ vigatāṅgaṇasya,
The one who offends the person who is inoffensive, constantly pure and spotless,
tam eva bālaṁ pratiyāti pāpaṁ, kṣiptaṁ rajaḥ prativātaṁ yathaiva. 28.9
that very wrong returns to the fool, like dust that is thrown to the wind.
Yaḥ (m. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; hy (separator); a-praduṣṭasya (m. gen. sg.) of the inoffensive; narasya (m. gen. sg.) of the person; duṣyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.–>act.) offends; śuddhasya (m. gen. sg.) of the pure; nityam (indec.) constantly; vigata-aṅgaṇasya (m. gen. sg.) of one who is spotless; tam (m. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that; eva (indec.) very; bālam (m. acc. sg.) the fool; pratiyāti (3rd. sg. pres.) comes back to; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) wrong; kṣiptam (n. nom. sg. pp.) having been thrown; rajaḥ (n. nom. sg.) dust; prativātam (n. acc. sg.) against the wind; yathā (indec.) like; eva (indec.) indeed.
So appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati, suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa,
The one who offends the person who is inoffensive, pure and passionless,
tam-eva bālaṁ pacceti pāpaṁ, sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṁ va khitto.
that very wrong returns to the fool, like fine dust thrown to the wind.
[660 ≈ Ja 222:2a-d]
[stm.]
Yad yat karoti puruṣas, tat tat paśyati hātmanaḥ,
Whatever a person does, the same he will see himself,
kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṁ, pāpakārī ca pāpakam. 28.10
the one who does good sees good, the one who does wrong sees wrong.
Yat yat (n. nom. sg. corr. pron.) whatever; karoti (3rd. sg. pres.) does; puruṣaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a person; tat tat (n. nom. sg. corr. pron.) that very thing; paśyati (3rd. sg. pres.) one sees; ātmanaḥ (m. gen. sg.) of oneself; kalyāṇa-kārī (m. nom. sg.) a doer of good; kalyāṇam (n. acc. sg.) good; pāpa-kārī (m. nom. sg.) a doer of wrong; ca (indec.) and; pāpakam (n. acc. sg.) wrong.
Yāni karoti puriso, tāni attani passati,
Whatever a person does, the same he will see in himself,
kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṁ, pāpakārī ca pāpakaṁ,
the one who does good sees good, the one who does wrong sees wrong,
yādisaṁ vapate bījaṁ, tādisaṁ harate phalaṁ.
whatever seed he sews, the same kind he will carry off as fruit.
[661 ≈ Dhp 165a-d]
[stm.]
Ātmanā hi kṛte pāpe, tv ātmanā kliśyate sadā,
By oneself is a wrong done, always by oneself is one defiled,
ātmanā tv akṛte pāpe, hy ātmanaiva viśudhyate. 28.11
by oneself is a wrong left undone, by oneself is one purified.
Ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) by oneself; hi (metrical filler); kṛte (n. loc. abs. sg. pp.) when it is done; pāpe (n. loc. abs. sg.) in regard to a wrong; tv (separator); ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) by oneself; kliśyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) is defiled; sadā (indec.) always; ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) by oneself; tv (separator); a-kṛte (n. loc. abs. sg. pp.) when it is not done; pāpe (n. loc. abs. sg.) in regard to a wrong; hy (separator); ātmanā (m. inst. sg.) by oneself; eva (indec.) indeed; viśudhyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) is purified.
Attanā va kataṁ pāpaṁ, attanā saṅkilissati,
By oneself is a wrong done, by oneself is one defiled,
attanā akataṁ pāpaṁ, attanā va visujjhati,
by oneself is a wrong left undone, by oneself is one purified,
suddhī asuddhī paccattaṁ, nāñño aññaṁ visodhaye.
purity and impurity come from oneself, for no one can purify another.
[662 cf. Dhp 161]
[stm. + sim.]
Aśuddhabuddhiṁ pratyātmaṁ, nānyo hy anyaṁ viśodhayet,
Individually, one has impure understanding, for no one can purify another, Lit: for no other can purify another.
abhimathnāti taṁ pāpaṁ, vajram aśmamaṇiṁ yathā. 28.12
a wrong crushes that one, as a diamond crushes a rock-jewel.
A-śuddha-buddhim (f. acc. sg.) one who has impure understanding; pratyātmam (indec.) individually; na (indec.) not; anyaḥ (m. nom. sg.) another; hi (indec.) for; anyam (m. acc. sg.) another; viśodhayet (3rd. sg. opt.) can purify; abhimathnāti (3rd. sg. pres.) crushes; tam (m. acc. sg. dem. pron.) that one; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) wrong; vajram (n. nom. sg.) a diamond; aśma-maṇim (m. acc. sg.) a rock-jewel; yathā (indec.) as.
Attanā va kataṁ pāpaṁ, attajaṁ attasambhavaṁ,
Wickedness done by oneself, born and arising in oneself,
abhimatthati dummedhaṁ, vajiraṁ vasmamayaṁ maṇiṁ.
crushes the one who is stupid, as a diamond crushes a rock-jewel.
[663 ≈ Ud 5.3:1]
[adm. + sim.]
Cakṣuṣmāṁ viṣamānīva vidyamāne parākramet,
As a man with vision should strive when dangers exist,
paṇḍito jīvaloke ’smiṁ pāpāni parivarjayet. 28.13
(so) a wise man in this world of the living should avoid wicked deeds.
Cakṣuṣmān (m. nom. sg.) one who has vision; viṣamānī (n. acc. pl.) dangers; iva (indec.) like; vidyamāne (n. loc. sg. prp.) when they exist; parākramet (3rd. sg. opt.) should strive; paṇḍitaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the wise one; jīva-loke (m. loc. sg.) in the world of the living; asmin (m. loc. sg. dem. pron.) in this; pāpāni (n. acc. pl.) wicked deeds; parivarjayet (3rd. sg. opt.) should avoid.
Cakkhumā visamāni va vijjamāne parakkame,
As a man with vision should strive when dangers exist,
paṇḍito jīvalokasmiṁ pāpāni parivajjaye.
(so) a wise man in the world of the living should avoid wicked deeds.
[664 ≈ Dhp 123]
[adm. + sim.]
Vaṇig vā sabhayaṁ mārgam alpaśāstro mahādhano,
Like a merchant with few companions and great wealth should avoid a fearful path,
viṣaṁ jīvitakāmo vā, pāpāni parivarjayet. 28.14
like one loving life should avoid poison, so one should avoid wicked deeds.
Vaṇik (m. nom. sg.) a merchant; vā (indec.) like; sa-bhayam (m. acc. sg.) fearful; mārgam (m. acc. sg.) a path; alpa-śāstraḥ (m. nom. sg.) with few companions; mahā-dhanaḥ (m. nom. sg.) possessing great wealth; viṣam (n. acc. sg.) poison; jīvita-kāmaḥ (m. nom. sg.) one desiring life; vā (indec.) like; pāpāni (n. acc. pl.) wicked deeds; parivarjayet (3rd. sg. opt.) should avoid.
Vāṇijo va bhayaṁ maggaṁ, appasattho mahaddhano,
Like a merchant with few companions and great wealth should avoid a fearful path,
visaṁ jīvitukāmo va, pāpāni parivajjaye.
like one loving life should avoid poison, so one should avoid wicked deeds.
[665 ≈ Dhp 124]
[stm.]
Pāṇau cāsya vraṇo na syād dhārayet pāṇinā viṣam,
If there would be no wound in one’s hand one can carry poison with the hand,
nāvraṇe krāmati viṣaṁ, nāsti pāpam akurvataḥ. 28.15
in the one without a wound poison does not enter, there is no wrong for the one not doing wrong. Note the unsual construction, as pāpam is both subject of natthi, and logical object of akurvataḥ.
Pāṇau (m. loc. sg.) in the hand; ca (indec.) and; asya (m. gen. sg. dem. pron.) for this one; vraṇaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a wound; na (indec.) not; syāt (3rd. sg. opt.) would be; dhārayet (3rd. sg. opt.) he can carry; pāṇinā (m. inst. sg.) with the hand; viṣam (n. acc. sg.) poison; na (indec.) not; a-vraṇe (m. loc. sg.) in the one without a wound; krāmati (3rd. sg. pres.) enters; viṣam (n. nom. sg.) poison; na (indec.) not; asti (3rd. sg. pres.) there is; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) wrong; a-kurvataḥ (m. gen. sg. prp.) for one who is not doing.
Pāṇimhi ce vaṇo nāssa hareyya pāṇinā visaṁ,
If there is no wound in one’s hand one can carry poison with the hand,
nābbaṇaṁ visam-anveti, natthi pāpaṁ akubbato.
without a wound poison does not enter, there is no wrong for the one not doing wrong.
[666 ≈ Dhp 163]
[stm.]
Sukarāṇi hy asādhūni, svātmano hy ahitāni ca,
Very easily done are things not good and unbeneficial for oneself,
yad vai hitaṁ ca pathyaṁ ca tad vai paramaduṣkaram. 28.16
but that which is beneficial and suitable, that is exceedingly hard to do.
Su-karāṇi (n. nom. pl. adj.–>adv.) very easily; hy (separator); a-sādhūni (n. nom. pl.) not good; sva-ātmanaḥ (m. gen. sg.) for oneself; hy (separator); a-hitāni (n. nom. pl.) unbeneficial; ca (indec.) and; yat (n. nom. sg. rel. pron.) that which; vai (indec.) indeed; hitam (n. nom. sg.) beneficial; ca (indec.) and; pathyam (n. nom. sg.) suitable; ca (indec.) and; tat (n. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that; vai (indec.) indeed; parama-duṣ-karam (n. nom. sg.) extremely difficult to do.
Sukarāni asādhūni, attano ahitāni ca,
Very easily done are things not good, unbeneficial for oneself,
yaṁ ve hitañ-ca sādhuñ-ca taṁ ve paramadukkaraṁ.
but that which is beneficial and good, that is exceedingly hard to do.
[667 ≈ Ud 5.8:1]
[stm.]
Sukaraṁ sādhunā sādhu, sādhu pāpena duṣkaram,
Easily done by the good is good, good by a bad person is done with difficulty,
pāpaṁ pāpena sukaraṁ, pāpam āryeṇa duṣkaram. 28.17
bad by a bad person is easily done, bad by the noble one is done with difficulty.
Su-karam (n. nom. sg. adj.–>adv.) easily; sādhunā (m. inst. sg.) by the good person; sādhu (n. nom. sg.) good; sādhu (n. nom. sg.) good; pāpena (m. inst. sg.) by the bad; duṣ-karam (n. nom. sg.) difficult to do; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) bad; pāpena (m. inst. sg.) by the bad; su-karam (n. nom. sg. adj.–>adv.) easily; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) bad; āryeṇa (m. inst. sg.) by the noble one; duṣ-karam (n. nom. sg.) difficult to do.
Sukaraṁ sādhunā sādhu, sādhu pāpena dukkaraṁ,
Easily done by the good is good, good by a bad person is done with difficulty,
pāpaṁ pāpena sukaraṁ, pāpam-ariyehi dukkaraṁ.
bad by a bad person is easily done, bad by the noble ones is done with difficulty.
[668 ≈ Dhp 69]
[stm. + sim.]
Madhuvad manyate bālo, yāvat pāpaṁ na pacyate,
The fool considers it like honey, as long as a bad deed does not ripen,
yadā tu pacyate pāpam, atha duḥkhaṁ nigacchati. 28.18
but when a bad deed ripens, then one undergoes suffering.
Madhu-vat (indec.) like honey; manyate (3rd. sg. pres.) considers; bālaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the fool; yāvat (indec.) as long as; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) a bad deed; na (indec.) not; pacyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) ripens; yadā (indec.) when; tu (indec.) but; pacyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) ripens; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) a bad deed; atha (indec.) then; duḥkham (n. acc. coll. sg.) suffering; nigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) one undergoes.
Madhuvā maññati bālo, yāva pāpaṁ na paccati,
The fool considers it like honey, as long as a bad deed does not ripen,
yadā ca paccati pāpaṁ, bālo dukkhaṁ nigacchati.
but when a bad deed ripens, the fool undergoes suffering.
[669 ≈ Dhp 119]
[stm.]
Pāpo ’pi paśyate bhadraṁ yāvat pāpaṁ na pacyate,
Even the bad experience good fortune as long as a bad deed does not ripen,
yadā tu pacyate pāpam atha pāpāni paśyati. 28.19
but when a bad deed ripens then one experiences bad fortune.
Pāpaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the bad person; api (indec.) even; paśyate (3rd. sg. pres.) experiences; bhadram (n. acc. sg.) good fortune; yāvat (indec.) as long as; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) a bad deed; na (indec.) not; pacyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) ripens; yadā (indec.) when; tu (indec.) but; pacyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) ripens; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) a bad deed; atha (indec.) then; pāpāni (n. acc. pl.) bad fortune; paśyati (3rd. sg. pres.) one experiences.
Pāpo pi passati bhadraṁ yāva pāpaṁ na paccati,
Even the bad experience good fortune as long as a bad deed does not ripen,
yadā ca paccati pāpaṁ atha pāpo pāpāni passati.
but when a bad deed ripens then the bad The metre here is wrong, having two syllables more than expected. We should probably exclude pāpo as in the Sanskrit. It is the same with bhadro in the next verse. They were probably inserted for clarification. experience bad fortune.
[670 ≈ Dhp 120]
[stm.]
Bhadro ’pi paśyate pāpaṁ yāvad bhadraṁ na pacyate,
Even the good experience bad fortune as long as the good does not ripen,
yadā tu pacyate bhadram atha bhadrāṇi paśyati. 28.20
but when the good ripens then one experiences good fortune.
Bhadraḥ (m. nom. sg.) good; api (indec.) even; paśyate (3rd. sg. pres.) experiences; pāpam (n. acc. sg.) bad fortune; yāvat (indec.) as long as; bhadram (n. nom. sg.) the good deed; na (indec.) not; pacyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) ripens; yadā (indec.) when; tu (indec.) but; pacyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.) ripens; bhadram (n. nom. sg.) the good deed; atha (indec.) then; bhadrāṇi (n. acc. pl.) good fortune; paśyati (3rd. sg. pres.) one experiences.
Bhadro pi passati pāpaṁ yāva bhadraṁ na paccati,
Even the good experience bad fortune as long as the good does not ripen,
yadā ca paccati bhadraṁ atha bhadro bhadrāni passati.
but when the good ripens then the good experience good fortune.
[671 ≈ Dhp 117]
[adm.]
Kuryāc cet puruṣaḥ pāpaṁ, nainaṁ kuryāt punaḥ punaḥ,
If a person should do wrong, one should not do it again and again,
na tatra cchandraṁ kurvīta, duḥkhaṁ pāpasya saṁcayaḥ. 28.21
let him not have a preference for it, from an accumulation of wrong there is suffering.
Kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should do; cet (indec.) if; puruṣaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a person; pāpam (n. acc. sg.) wrong; na (indec.) not; enam (n. nom. sg. dem. pron.) this ; kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should do; punaḥ punaḥ (indec.) again and again; na (indec.) not; tatra (indec.) in that; chandram (m. acc. sg.) preference; kurvīta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should have; duḥkham (n. nom. coll. sg.) suffering; pāpasya (n. gen. sg.) of wrong; saṁcayaḥ (m. nom. sg.) accumulation.
Pāpañ-ce puriso kayirā, na taṁ kayirā punappunaṁ,
If a person should do wrong, one should not do it again and again,
na tamhi chandaṁ kayirātha, dukkho pāpassa uccayo.
let him not have a preference for it, from an accumulation of wrong there is suffering. This is an example of the ablative-like genitive, giving the meaning: from. Similarly in the verse below. The Pāḷi comm. makes this explicit: Dukkho pāpassa uccayo. Pāpassa hi uccayo vuḍḍhi idhaloke pi samparāye pi dukkham-eva āvahatī ti; from an accumulation of demerit there is suffering means an accumulation, an increase of demerit brings suffering here in this world and in the next.
[672 ≈ Dhp 118]
[adm.]
Kuryāc cet puruṣaḥ puṇyaṁ, kuryāc cainaṁ punaḥ punaḥ,
If a person should do merit, one should do it again and again,
tatra cchandraṁ ca kurvīta, sukhaṁ puṇyasya saṁcayaḥ. 28.22
let him have a preference for it, from an accumulation of merit there is happiness.
Kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should do; cet (indec.) if; puruṣaḥ (m. nom. sg.) a person; puṇyam (n. acc. sg.) merit; kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should do; ca (indec.) and; enam (n. acc. sg. dem. pron.) it; kuryāt (3rd. sg. opt.) one should do; punaḥ punaḥ (indec.) again and again; tatra (indec.) in that; chandram (m. acc. sg.) preference; ca (indec.) and; kurvīta (3rd. sg. opt.) one should have; sukham (n. nom. coll. sg.) happiness; puṇyasya (n. gen. sg.) of merit; saṁcayaḥ (m. nom. sg.) accumulation.
Puññañ-ce puriso kayirā, kayirāthetaṁ punappunaṁ,
If a person should do merit, one should do it again and again,
tamhi chandaṁ kayirātha, sukho puññassa uccayo.
let him have a preference for it, from an accumulation of merit there is happiness.
[673 ≈ Dhp 116]
[adm.]
Abhitvareta kalyāṇe, pāpāc cittaṁ nivārayet,
One should hasten in doing merit, one should ward off the mind from demerit,
dhandhaṁ hi kurvataḥ puṇyaṁ pāpeṣu ramate manaḥ. 28.23
for the mind of the one slow in making merit delights in demerit.
Abhitvareta (3rd. sg. opt.) he should hasten; kalyāṇe (n. loc. sg.) in merit; pāpāt (n. abl. sg.) from demerit; cittam (n. acc. sg.) the mind; nivārayet (3rd. sg. opt.) he should ward off; dhandham (indec.) slow; hi (indec.) for; kurvataḥ (m. gen. sg. prp.) of one doing; puṇyam (n. acc. sg.) merit; pāpeṣu (n. loc. pl.) in demerit; ramate (3rd. sg. pres.) delights; manaḥ (n. nom. sg.) the mind.
Abhittharetha kalyāṇe, pāpā cittaṁ nivāraye,
One should hasten in doing merit, one should ward off the mind from demerit,
dandhaṁ hi karato puññaṁ pāpasmiṁ ramatī mano.
for the mind of the one slow in making merit delights in demerit.
[674]
[stm. + sim.]
Alpakaṁ pi kṛtaṁ pāpaṁ duḥkhāya parataḥ sadā,
Even a small demerit done always brings about suffering in the future,
mahate bhavaty anarthāya, viṣaṁ koṣṭhagataṁ yathā. 28.24
it brings about great ruination, like poison that has entered the stomach.
Alpakam (n. nom. sg.) a small; api (indec.) even; kṛtam (n. nom. sg. pp.) done; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) demerit duḥkhāya (n. dat. of res. coll. sg.) to suffering; parataḥ (indec.) in the future; sadā (indec.) always; mahate (m. dat. sg.) great; bhavati (3rd. sg. pres.) brings about; an-arthāya (m. dat. of res. sg.) ruination; viṣam (n. nom. sg.) poison; koṣṭha-gatam (n. nom. sg.) gone into the stomach; yathā (indec.) just as.
[675]
[stm. + sim.]
Alpakaṁ pi kṛtaṁ puṇyaṁ paraloke sukhāvaham, Whereas the dative of result was used in the previous verse, here the compound adjective with āvaha is used to give the same meaning, reinforcing the earlier analysis.
Even a small merit done always brings happiness in the next world,
arthāya mahate nityaṁ, sasyānām iva saṁcayaḥ. 28.25
it always brings about great fortune, like an accumulation of grain.
Alpakam (n. nom. sg.) a small; api (indec.) even; kṛtam (n. nom. sg. pp.) done; puṇyam (n. nom. sg.) merit; para-loke (m. loc. sg.) in the next world; sukha-āvaham (n. nom. sg.) bringing happiness; arthāya (m. dat. of res. sg.) brings about fortune; mahate (m. dat. sg.) great; nityam (indec.) always; sasyānām (n. gen. pl.) of grain; iva (indec.) like; saṁcayaḥ (m. nom. sg.) accumulation.
[676 ≈ Dhp 137]
[stm.]
Adaṇḍeṣu hi daṇḍena yo ’praduṣṭeṣu duṣyate
The one who offends with a stick those who are unarmed and inoffensive
daśānām anyatamaṁ sthānaṁ kṣipram eva nigacchati: 28.26
quickly goes to one of the following ten states:
A-daṇḍeṣu (m. loc. pl.) towards those who are unarmed; hi (metrical filler); daṇḍena (m. inst. sg.) with a stick; yaḥ (m. nom. sg. rel. pron.) one who; a-praduṣṭeṣu (m. loc. pl.) for the inoffensive; duṣyate (3rd. sg. pres. pass.–>act.) offends; daśānām (f. gen. pl.) of ten; anyatamam (n. acc. sg.) any one; sthānam (n. acc. sg.) a state; kṣipram (n. acc. sg. adj.–>adv.) quickly; eva (indec.) indeed; nigacchati (3rd. sg. pres.) one goes.
Yo daṇḍena adaṇḍesu appaduṭṭhesu dussati
The one who offends with a stick those who are unarmed and inoffensive
dasannam-aññataraṁ ṭhānaṁ khippam-eva nigacchati:
quickly goes to one of the following ten states:
[677 ≈ Dhp 139]
[stm.]
jñātīnāṁ vā vinābhāvaṁ, bhogānāṁ vā parikṣayam,
there is loss of relatives, or the destruction of wealth,
rājato hy upasargaṁ vāpy, abhyākhyānaṁ ca dāruṇam, 28.27
there is even danger from the king, or slander that is terrible,
jñātīnām (m. gen. pl.) of relatives; vā (indec.) or; vinā-bhāvam (m. acc. sg.) destruction; bhogānām (m. gen. pl.) of wealth; vā (indec.) or; parikṣayam (m. acc. sg.) destruction; rājataḥ (m. abl. sg.) from the king; hi (metrical filler); upasargam (m. acc. sg.) danger; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) even; abhyākhyānam (n. acc. sg.) slander; ca (indec.) and; dāruṇam (n. acc. sg.) terrible.
rājato vā upassaggaṁ, abbhakkhānaṁ va dāruṇaṁ,
there is danger from the king, or slander that is terrible,
parikkhayaṁ va ñātīnaṁ, bhogānaṁ va pabhaṅguraṁ,
there is destruction of relatives, or the disintegration of wealth, The lines a-b and c-d are reversed in the Pāḷi.
[678 ≈ Dhp 138]
[stm.]
vedanāṁ kaṭukāṁ vāpi, śarīrasya ca bhedanam,
or bitter feelings, and the break up of the body,
ābādhaṁ vāpi paruṣaṁ, cittakṣepam athāpi vā, 28.28
or harsh affliction, or then surely he will lose his mind,
Vedanām (f. acc. coll. sg.) feelings; kaṭukām (f. acc. sg.) bitter; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; śarīrasya (n. gen. sg.) of the body; ca (indec.) and; bhedanam (n. acc. sg.) break up; ābādham (m. acc. sg.) affliction; vā (indec.) or; api (indec.) also; paruṣam (m. acc. sg.) harsh; citta-kṣepam (m. acc. sg.) loss of mind; atha (indec.) then; api (indec.) also; vā (indec.) or.
vedanaṁ pharusaṁ, jāniṁ, sarīrassa ca bhedanaṁ,
harsh feelings, seizure of wealth, and the break up of the body,
garukaṁ vā pi ābādhaṁ, cittakkhepaṁ va pāpuṇe,
or even heavy affliction, or surely he will come to lose his mind,
[679 ≈ Dhp 140]
[stm.]
atha vāsyāpy agārāṇi hy agnir dahati sarvathā,
or else fire may consume his houses by in every way,
bhedāt kāyasya cāprājño daśamāṁ durgatiṁ vrajet. 28.29
and tenth, from the break up of the body, that unwise one may go to a bad destination.
Atha vā (indec.) or else; asya (m. gen. sg. dem. pron.) his; api (indec.) also; agārāṇi (n. acc. pl.) houses; hy (separator); agniḥ (m. nom. sg.) a fire; dahati (3rd. sg. pres.) burns; sarvathā (indec.) in every way; bhedāt (m. abl. sg.) from the break up; kāyasya (m. gen. sg.) of the body; ca (indec.) and; a-prājñaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the unwise one; daśamām (f. acc. sg.) the tenth; dur-gatim (f. acc. sg.) a bad destination; vrajet (3rd. sg. opt.) one may go.
atha vāssa agārāni aggi ḍahati pāvako,
or else fire and flames may consume his houses,
kāyassa bhedā duppañño nirayaṁ so upapajjati.
and from the break up of the body that foolish one arises in purgatory.
[680]
[adm.]
Pāpe tu kṛte hi nāśvasec, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi nāśvaset,
But one should not take comfort in demerit that has been done, one should not even take comfort in what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi nāśvased, asti tasya vipāka iti nāśvaset. 28.30
and one should not take comfort in deeds done in secret, one should not take comfort thinking, it has no result.
Pāpe (n. loc. sg.) in demerit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); na (indec.) not; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; na (indec.) not; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) and; na (indec.) not; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort; asti (3rd. sg. pres.) there is; tasya (n. gen. sg. dem. pron.) of that; vipākaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the result; iti (indec.) indicating thinking; na (indec.) not; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort.
[681]
[adm.]
Puṇye tu kṛte hi ihāśvasec, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi cāśvaset,
But one should take comfort in merit that has been done here, one should even take comfort with what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi cāśvased, asti tasya vipāka iti cāśvaset. 28.31
and one should take comfort in deeds done in secret, one should take comfort thinking, it has a result.
Puṇye (n. loc. sg.) in merit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); iha (indec.) here; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; ca (indec.) and; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) and; ca (indec.) and; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort; asti (3rd. sg. pres.) there is; tasya (n. gen. sg. dem. pron.) of that; vipākaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the result; iti (indec.) indicating thinking; ca (indec.) and; āśvaset (3rd. sg. opt.) one should take comfort.
[682]
[adm.]
Pāpe tu kṛte hi śocate, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi śocate,
But one should grieve in demerit that has been done, one should grieve even with what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi śocate, asti tasya vipāka iti śocate. 28.32
and one should grieve with deeds done in secret, one should grieve thinking, it has a result.
Pāpe (n. loc. sg.) in demerit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) even; śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve; asti (3rd. sg. pres.) there is; tasya (n. gen. sg. dem. pron.) of that; vipākaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the result; iti (indec.) indicating thinking; śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve.
[683]
[adm.]
Puṇye tu kṛte hi nandate, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi nandate,
But one should rejoice in merit that has been done, one should even rejoice with what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi nandate, asti tasya vipāka iti nandate. 28.33
and one should rejoice with deeds done in secret, one should rejoice, thinking, it has a result.
Puṇye (n. loc. sg.) in merit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) even; nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; asti (3rd. sg. pres.) there is; tasya (n. gen. sg. dem. pron.) of that; vipākaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the result; iti (indec.) indicating thinking; nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices.
[684 ≈ Dhp 15]
[stm.]
Iha śocati, pretya śocati, pāpakarmā hy ubhayatra śocati,
Here one grieves, after death one grieves, the one who does wrong grieves in both places,
sa hi śocati sa praśocati, dṛṣṭvā karma hi kliṣṭam ātmanaḥ. 28.34
one truly grieves, one greatly grieves, seeing the defilement of his own deeds.
Iha (indec.) here; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves; pretya (abs.) after death; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves; pāpa-karmā (m. nom. sg.) the one who does wrong; hy (separator); ubha-yatra (indec.) in both places; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; hi (metrical filler); śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; praśocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves greatly; dṛṣṭvā (abs.) having seen; karma (n. acc. coll. sg.) deeds; hi (indec.) for; kliṣṭam (n. acc. sg.) defilement; ātmanaḥ (m. gen. sg.) of oneself.
Idha socati, pecca socati, pāpakārī ubhayattha socati,
Here one grieves, after death one grieves, the one who does wrong grieves in both places,
so socati, so vihaññati, disvā kammakiliṭṭham-attano.
one grieves, one suffers vexation, seeing the defilement of his own deeds.
[685 ≈ Dhp 16]
[stm.]
Iha nandati, pretya nandati, kṛtapuṇyo hy ubhayatra nandati,
Here one rejoices, after death one rejoices, the one who made merit rejoices in both places,
sa hi nandati sa pramodate, dṛṣṭvā karma hi viśuddham ātmanaḥ. 28.35
one rejoices, one is gladened, seeing the purity of his own deeds.
Iha (indec.) here; nandati (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; pretya (abs.) after death; nandati (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; kṛta-puṇyaḥ (m. nom. sg.) the one who has made merit; hy (separator); ubha-yatra (indec.) in both places; nandati (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; hi (metrical filler); nandati (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; saḥ (m. nom. sg. dem. pron.) that one; pramodate (3rd. sg. pres.) is gladened; dṛṣṭvā (abs.) seeing; karma (n. acc. coll. sg.) deeds; hi (indec.) for; viśuddham (n. acc. sg.) purity; ātmanaḥ (m. gen. sg.) of oneself.
Idha modati, pecca modati, katapuñño ubhayattha modati,
Here he is glad, after death he is glad, the one who made merit is glad in both places,
so modati, so pamodati, disvā kammavisuddhim-attano.
he is glad, he is greatly glad, seeing the purity of his own deeds.
[686]
[adm.]
Pāpe tu kṛte hi śocate, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi śocate,
But one should grieve about demerit that has been done, one should grieve even with what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi śocate, bhūyaḥ śocati durgatiṁ gataḥ. 28.36
and one should grieve about deeds done in secret, one grieves more after going to a bad destination.
Pāpe (n. loc. sg.) about demerit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) and; śocate (3rd. sg. opt.) one should grieve; bhūyaḥ (indec.) more; śocati (3rd. sg. pres.) one grieves; dur-gatim (f. acc. sg.) a bad destination; gataḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) after going.
[687]
[adm.]
Puṇye tu kṛte hi nandate, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi nandate,
But one should rejoice about merit that has been done, one should even rejoice with what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi nandate, bhūyo nandati sadgatiṁ gataḥ. 28.37
and one should rejoice with deeds done in secret, one rejoices more after going to a good destination.
Puṇye (n. loc. sg.) about merit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) and; nandate (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; bhūyaḥ (indec.) more; nandati (3rd. sg. pres.) one rejoices; sad-gatim (f. acc. sg.) a good destination; gataḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) after going.
[688]
[adm.]
Puṇye tu kṛte hi modate, cirakṛte dūrakṛte ’pi modate,
But one should be glad about merit that has been done, one should even be glad with what was done long ago or far away,
rahasi ca kṛte ’pi modate, bhūyo modati sadgatiṁ gataḥ. 28.38
and one should be glad with deeds done in secret, one is more gladened after going to a good destination.
Puṇye (n. loc. sg.) about merit; tu (indec.) but; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; hi (metrical filler); modate (3rd. sg. pres.) one is glad; cira-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done long ago; dūra-kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) when it was done far away; api (indec.) even; modate (3rd. sg. pres.) one is glad; rahasi (n. loc. sg.) in secret; ca (indec.) and; kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; api (indec.) and; modate (3rd. sg. pres.) one is glad; bhūyaḥ (indec.) more; modati (3rd. sg. pres.) is gladened; sad-gatim (f. acc. sg.) a good destination; gataḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) after going.
[689]
[stm. + sim.]
Kṛte ca pāpe ’py akṛte ca puṇye, ’dharmaṁ samādāya, vihāya dharmam,
Having done demerit and not having done merit, undertaking wrong, and abandoning right,
bibheti mṛtyor iha pāpakarmā, bhinnaplavo madhya ivodakasya. 28.39
the one who has done wrong fears death here, like one fears a broken raft in the middle of the water.
Kṛte (n. loc. sg. pp.) in what was done; ca (indec.) and; pāpe (n. loc. abs. sg.) in demerit; api (indec.) also; a-kṛte (n. loc. abs. sg. pp.) in what is not done; ca (indec.) and; puṇye (n. loc. abs. sg.) in merit; a-dharmam (m. acc. sg.) wrong; samādāya (abs.) undertaking; dharmam (m. acc. sg.) righteousness; vihāya (abs.) abandoning; bibheti (3rd. sg. pres.) one fears; mṛtyoḥ (m. abl. sg.) from death; iha (indec.) here; pāpa-karmā (m. nom. sg.) the one who does wrong; bhinna-plavaḥ (m. nom. sg.) with a broken raft; madhya Presumably madhye, written madhya m.c. (n. loc. sg.) in the middle; iva (indec.) like; udakasya (n. gen. sg.) of water.
[690]
[stm. + sim.]
Kṛtaṁ ca puṇyaṁ hy akṛtaṁ ca pāpaṁ, satāṁ ca dharmaś caritaḥ purāṇaḥ,
Having done merit and not having done demerit, having lived the ancient and right life of the good,
bibheti mṛtyor na kadaṁ cid eva, yathaiva nāvā dṛḍhayā tarantaḥ. 28.40
not at any time does one fear death, like those crossing in a sturdy boat.
Kṛtam (n. nom. sg. pp.) done; ca (indec.) and; puṇyam (n. nom. sg.) merit; hy (euphonic particle); a-kṛtam (n. nom. sg. pp.) what is not done; ca (indec.) and; pāpam (n. nom. sg.) demerit; satām (m. gen. pl.) of the good; ca (indec.) and; dharmaḥ (m. nom. sg.) righteousness; caritaḥ (m. nom. sg. pp.) lived; purāṇaḥ (m. nom. sg.) ancient; bibheti (3rd. sg. pres.) one fears; mṛtyoḥ (m. abl. sg.) from death; na (indec.) not; kadaṁ cit (indec.) at any time; eva (indec.) indeed; yathā (indec.) just as; iva (indec.) like; nāvā (f. inst. sg.) with a boat; dṛḍhayā (f. inst. sg.) with a sturdy; tarantaḥ (m. nom. pl. prp.) those crossing.
Pāpavargaḥ, 28
The Chapter about Wrong, the Twenty-Eighth